Neoplasms of the Urinary Tract Flashcards Preview

Clin Med - GU > Neoplasms of the Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Flashcards in Neoplasms of the Urinary Tract Deck (20)
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1
Q

Where are most tumors of the urinary tract located?

A

bladder

2
Q

Are urinary tract cancers more common in men or women?

A

Men

3
Q

bladder cancer is what percentage of total cancer?

A

7%

4
Q

what is the male to female predominance of bladder cancer?

A

3:1

5
Q

What is the most common tumor type in bladder cancer?

A

urothelial (transitional) tumors - 90%

6
Q

What is the most important risk for bladder cancer?

A

cigarette smoking

7
Q

What are some other exposure risk factors for bladder cancer besides smoking?

A

exposure to aryl amines (industrial) long term analgesic use heavy cyclophosphamide exposure schistosoma haematobium irradiation

8
Q

What is the clinical presentation of bladder cancer?

A
  • painless hematuria (but also sign in non-tumor lesions of the bladder)
  • irritative symptoms (frequency, urgency, dysuria)
  • hydronephrosis (when ureteral orifice involved)
9
Q

How is bladder cance diagnosed?

A
  • urine examination
    • microsocpic exam
    • FISH analysis
  • cystoscopy
    • washings/tissue biopsy
10
Q

what is another name for urothelium?

A

transitional epithelium

11
Q

What are the two precusor lesions to bladder cancer?

A
  • noninvasive papillary tumors (mc)
    • may progress to invasive carcinoma (different histologic grades)
    • cauliflower-like
    • fibrocascular core with cells coming off of it
  • noninvasive flat carcinomas (carcinoma in situ)
    • always severe atypia/high grade
    • almost always progress to invasive carcinoma
12
Q

What is the standard treatment for bladder cancer that invades the muscle wall?

A

cystectomy

(surgical removal of bladder)

13
Q

What is the grading system for bladder tumors?

T1-T4

A

T1 - lamina propria invasion

T2 - muscularis propria invasion

T3 - extravesical fat invasion

T4 - invasion into adjacent structures/organs

14
Q

Renal cell carcinoma are ____ of all newly diagnosed cancers in the U.S.

A

3%

(85% of adult renal cancers)

15
Q

What is the male:female ratio of renal cell carcinoma?

A

2:1

16
Q

What percentage of renal carcinoma is clear cell carcinoma?

A

70-80%

17
Q

What is the most common mutation in renal cell carcinomas?

A

Von Hipple Lindau gene deletion on chromosome 3p

18
Q

What does clear cell renal carcinoma look like pathologically?

A
  • round cells with abundant clear cytoplasm (fat and glycogen)
  • delicate branching vasculature (chicken-wire)
19
Q

what is the cure rate for wilms tumor?

A

approximately 90%

20
Q
A