Nature And The Variety Of Living Oraganisms Flashcards Preview

IGCSE BIOLOGY > Nature And The Variety Of Living Oraganisms > Flashcards

Flashcards in Nature And The Variety Of Living Oraganisms Deck (26)
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1
Q

What are the different kingdoms?

A

Fungi, bacteria, viruses, animals and plants

2
Q

How many kingdoms are there?

A

5

3
Q

What does MRS C GREN stand for

A
Move
Respire
Sensitive
Control
Grow
Reproduce
Excrete
Nutrition
4
Q

What are the common feature/characteristics of plants?

A
Multicellular
Contain chloroplasts
Able to carry out photosynthesis  
Cellulose cell wall
Store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
5
Q

What are common features/characteristics of animals

A

Multicellular
Don’t contain chlorophyll so cannot carry out photosynthesis
No cell wall
Usually have nervous coordination and are able to move from place to place
Often store carbohydrates as glycogen

6
Q

Common features/characteristics in fungi

A

Body organised in mycelium (but some are single celled)
Not able to carry out photosynthesis
Cell walls made of chitin
Saprotrophic nutrition(extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes on to food material and the absorption of organic products)
May store carbohydrates as glycogen

7
Q

Common features/characteristics of bacteria

A

Microscopic single celled organisms
Simple cell structure with no nucleus but a single circular chromosome of DNA
Most feed on other living or dead organisms but some can carry out photosynthesis
They have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids

8
Q

Common features/characteristics of viruses

A
Small particles (smaller than bacteria)
Parasitic and can only reproduce inside living cells
No cellular structure but a protein coat and contains one type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
9
Q

Example of bacteria

A

Lactobacillus bulgaricus

Pneumococcus

10
Q

What is lactobacillus bulgaricus

A

A bacteria used in the production of yoghurt. It is rod shaped

11
Q

What is pneumococcus

A

A spherical bacterium that acts as the pathogen causing pneumonia

12
Q

Examples of viruses

A

Influenza

Tobacco mosaic virus

13
Q

What is influenza

A

Tha cause of the flu

14
Q

What is tobacco mosaic virus

A

It causes the discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts (which will affect photosynthesis and therefore the yield)

15
Q

What are some examples of plants?

A
Flowering plants - cereal e.g maize
Herbaceous legume (has a soft stem)- peas or beans
16
Q

Examples of animals

A

Mammals-humans, elephants e.t.c

Insects- houseflies, mosquitos e.t.c

17
Q

How do fungi feed

A

They feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food material and the absorption of the organic products-this is known saprotrophic nutrition

18
Q

Examples of fungi

A

Mucor -contains the typical hyphal structure

Yeast- single celled

19
Q

What are protoctists?

A

Microscopic single celled organisms

20
Q

An example of a protoctist that has features like an animal cell

A

Amoeba - lives in pond water

21
Q

An example of a protoctist that has more similar features to a plant

A

Chlorella- has chloroplasts

22
Q

An example of a pathogenic protoctist

A

Plasmodium -causes malaria

23
Q

What does the HIV virus cause?

A

AIDS

24
Q

What can pathogens be in the form of

A

Pathogens may be fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses

25
Q

What is a pathogen

A

Disease causing

26
Q

What are the levels of organisation within an organism

A

Oganelle-cells-tissues-organs and systems