Natural Selection/Evolution Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Natural Selection/Evolution Deck (30)
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1
Q

Three word definition of evolution

A

Change over time

2
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

When something other than nature breeds for a selected trait

(ex. dog breeds)

3
Q

Does the inheritance of acquired traits occur?

A

NO!

4
Q

Describe natural selection

A

Some individuals of a population or species are better suited, to survive and have more offspring.

5
Q

The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce

A

Fitness

6
Q

What does natural selection work upon?

A

PHENOTYPES

7
Q

All of the different alleles for all the genes in a population

A

Gene pool

8
Q

What type of trait has the most variability?

A

Polygenic traits

9
Q

If an allele makes up a third of the the alleles for that particular gene in a gene pool, what is its relative frequency?

A

33%

10
Q

List and describe the five factors that would cause evolution to occur in a population.

A
  1. Small population size - the population shrinks and the decreased number makes up the new gene pool
  2. Non-random mating - mates are chosen based on location or desired traits
  3. Mutation - any change in the DNA sequence
  4. Movement (gene flow) - immigration or emigration (movement of an organism into or out of a population)
  5. Adaptation - a trait that makes an organism more likely to survive and reproduce
11
Q

What are the five conditions required for genetic equilibrium?

A
  1. Large population
  2. Random mating
  3. NO mutation
  4. NO movement
  5. NO adaptations
12
Q

The two main sources of genetic variation are ______ and _______; which is more common?

A

mutation and gene shuffling

gene shuffling is more common

13
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

A RANDOM change in the allele frequency of a population

14
Q

Any time there is a change in the allele frequency, then _______ has occured.

A

Evolution

15
Q

Which type of natural selection is represented in the graph?

A

Stabilizing selection

16
Q

Which type of natural selection is represented in the graph?

A

Diversifying Selection

17
Q

What type of natural selection is represented in the graph?

A

Directional Selection

18
Q

The type of natural selection that selects against the extreme versions of a trait.

A

Stabilizing selection

19
Q

When the entire population’s traits move towards one particular version of the trait

A

Directional selection

20
Q

The only type of natural selection that can lead to speciation

A

Diversifying (disruptive) selection

21
Q

The idea that evolution occurs gradually over a long period of time

A

Gradualism

22
Q

What is punctuated equilibrium?

A

The idea that evolution occurs with periods of rapid change which are separated by periods of little or no change

23
Q

A type of adaptation that allows organisms to blend in with their environment

A

Camouflage

24
Q

What is warning coloration?

A

Organisms have coloration that signify their danger (usually toxicity)

25
Q

Organisms are lightly colored on their underside so that they are not seen as well by predators/prey

A

Counter shading

26
Q

Describe mimicry.

A

When an organism copies the appearance of another species

27
Q

Compare and contrast analogous and homologous structures.

A

Analogous structures - different structures that have the same function

Homologous structures - body parts that have the same structure in different animals but that carry out different functions

28
Q

A tool in science that is used to show common traits among organisms, how organisms are related, and common ancestors among different organisms.

A

Cladogram

29
Q

A type of isolation where organisms are separated by things such as rivers, mountains, or oceans

A

Geographic isolation

30
Q

The accumulation of differences between groups is called

A

Divergence (divergent evolution)