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Cold War > Narrative fact till 70 > Flashcards

Narrative fact till 70 Flashcards

1
Q

Iron Curtain Speech date

A

March 1945

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2
Q

Potsdam Conference date

A

July/August 1945

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3
Q

Long Telegram date

A

February 1946

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4
Q

Who wrote the long telegram? What was his position?

A

George Kennan - a US diplomat in Moscow

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5
Q

Novikov Telegram date

A

September 1946

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6
Q

Who wrote the Novikov telegram? What was his position?

A

Nikolai Novikov, Soviet Ambassador in Washington

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7
Q

Main ideas in the long telegram:

A
  • USSR wanted to spread Communism and were prepared to take down anyone in their way
  • they were dangerous and Stalin wasn’t reassured by America
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8
Q

Main ideas in the Novikov telegram:

A
  • danger of possible US economic and military domination worldwide
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9
Q

Start and end date of Berlin Blockade:

A

24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949

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10
Q

How many tonnes of supplies did planes deliver during the Berlin Blockade?

A

1.5 million

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11
Q

How many planes were used in the Berlin Blockade?

A

275,000

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12
Q

Date of creation of NATO

A

April 1949

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13
Q

Date of Warsaw Pact

A

1955

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14
Q

Name and date of bomb dropped on Hiroshima:

A

Little Boy - August 1945

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15
Q

Year atomic bomb made in USSR

A

1949

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16
Q

Year H-Bomb was made in USA

A

1952

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17
Q

Date H-Bomb was made in USSR

A

AUgust 1953

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18
Q

Date when USSR planes could drop H-Bombs like Americans

A

September 1954

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19
Q

Creation of U2 spy plane date

A

July 1956

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20
Q

Soviet inter-continental ballistic missile date

A

May 1957

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21
Q

Names of American ICBMs and dates of creation

A

Atlas and Minuteman - 1959

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22
Q

Year American SLBMs were developed

A

1960

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23
Q

Date that the Tsaar bomb was succesfully tested

A

August 1961

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24
Q

When did the Red Army assume control in Poland?

A

Summer 1944

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25
Q

When were the Lublin poles given control in Poland?

A

January 1945

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26
Q

When did rigged elections take place in Poland?

A

1947

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27
Q

When were Romania and Bulgaria taken over by the Red Army?

A

Late 1944

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28
Q

When did the communist prime minister come to power in Romania?

A

February 1945

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29
Q

When were rigged elections held in Bulgaria?

A

November 1945

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30
Q

How did the Soviet Union assume control of Czechoslovakia?

A
  • a bad harvest in 1947 meant elections were called for there in MAy 1948
  • however, the communists feared losing them so took Czechoslovakia by force and held rigged elections
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31
Q

What countries had the Soivet Union conquered in 1940?

A

Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia

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32
Q

Which two countries became satellite states of the Soviet Union indirectly?

A

Yugoslavia and Albania

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33
Q

When was Marshall Aid introduced?

A

April 1948

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34
Q

How much money did Marshall Aid give out?

A

$12.7 billion

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35
Q

When was cominform set up?

A

October 1947

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36
Q

When was Comecon set up?

A

January 1949

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37
Q

What were the main ideas of cominform?

A
  • Communist Information Bureau
  • Co-ordinate Communist parties throughout Europe
  • Ensure States in Eastern Europe followed Soviet aims in foreign policy
  • encouraged inter-member trading and discouraged foreign contact
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38
Q

What were the main ideas of Comecon?

A
  • Council for Mutual Assistance
  • meant to be a means by which the USSR could financially support Eastern European countries
  • actully used by USSR to control economies of Eastern Europe
  • arranged trade and credit agreements and collectivisation and nationalised industry
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39
Q

Bizonia creation

A

1947

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40
Q

Trizonia creation

A

March 1948

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41
Q

Introduction of Deutschmark

A

June 1948

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42
Q

How much money did West Germany receive from the Marshall plan?

A

1.4 billion dollars

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43
Q

When did the Berlin Blockade begin/end?

A

June 24th 1948/ May 12th 1949

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44
Q

What did Stalin hope would prevent the airlift?

A

The 1948/49 winter

45
Q

When was the BRD set up?

A

May 1949

46
Q

When was the DDR set up?

A

October 1949

47
Q

Who was prime minister of Hungary in the first half of 1956?

A

Rakosi

48
Q

What radical reforms had Rakosi introduced in Hungary?

A
  • communist indoctrination
  • persecution of the church
  • control using the AVH
49
Q

How many people were imprisoned/killed under Rakosi?

A

100,000 imprisonments and 2,000 deaths

50
Q

Who replaced Rakosi? When? WHy?

A

Erno Gero in July 1956 due to demonstrations against Rakosi

51
Q

When did demonstrations in Hungary take place aginst Soviet Control? How did Stalin respond?

A

October 1956 - by sending tanks and troops into Budapest

52
Q

When was Imre Nagy reinstated as prime minister in Hungary?

A

26th October 1956

53
Q

When were Imre Nagy’s proposed reforms published?

A

31st October 1956

54
Q

When did Stalin respond to Nagy’s intentions to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact?

A

4th November 1956

55
Q

How many troops and tanks were sent into Hungary?

A

200,000 troops and 6,000 tanks

56
Q

How many Hungarians were killed in the Hungarian Uprising?

A

30,000

57
Q

How many refugees were there after the Hungarian uprising?

A

200,000

58
Q

Which hard-line communist was given power in Hungary after Nagy?

A

Janos Kadar

59
Q

When was Imre Nagy executed (on Kadar’s orders)?

A

16th June 1958

60
Q

How many East Berliners were defecting to the West s day by 1961?

A

2000

61
Q

When did Khruschev issue the Berlin ultimatum?

A

27th November 1958

62
Q

What was the Berlin ultimatum?

A

since the Western powers have ‘violated’ the Potsdam Agreements they must deminilitarise Berlin and declare it a free city within six months otherwise Stalin will take all trade routes to Berlin

63
Q

Where was the first summit? When?

A

May 1959 in Geneva

64
Q

Where was the second summit? When?

A

Camp David in September 1959

65
Q

Where was the third summit arranged to be? When?

A

Paris in May 1960

66
Q

What occured before the Paris conference, leading to its not taking place?

A

The USSR shot a US U2 spy plane above Russia and demanded an apology for spying but the USA refused

67
Q

Where did the final summit take place? When?

A

Vienna in June 1961

68
Q

Where was the Ultimatum withdrawn? re-issued?

A

Camp David

Vienna

69
Q

How much did Kennedy raise the US defence budget by after the Vienna summit?

A

$3.2 billion

70
Q

When did construction of the Berlin Wall begin?

A

13th August 1961

71
Q

When did Castro overthrow Batista in Cuba?

A

January 1959

72
Q

What condition did Eisenhower issue Castro if he wanted to receive American economic aid?

A

He was follow the International Monetary Fund guidlines

73
Q

When does Castro nationalise all foreign owned land?

A

May 1959

74
Q

What agreement is made between Castro and Khrushchev? when?

A

Khrushchev will buy Cuban sugar and provide economic aid to Cuba and Castro’s regime whilst secretly, Cuba will receive arms from the USSR - February 1960

75
Q

When does Eisenhower ban all trade with Cuba?

A

October 1960

76
Q

What CIA scheme does Eisenhower issue to do with Cuba?

A

The training of a Cuban exile force to invade Cuba, known as ‘La Brigada’

77
Q

When did the Bay of Pigs invasion take place?

A

17th April 1961

78
Q

What were the consequences of the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A
  • USA lost support of Latin America
  • Castro declares Cuba’s conversion to communism
  • Cuba grows closer to USSR
  • Kennedy seen as weak about lying about America’s involvement
79
Q

What do the USSR send to Cuba throughout 1962?

A

Military Supplies

80
Q

When do Soviet technicians begin instaling Ballistic Missiles in Cuba?

A

September 1962

81
Q

What occurs on the 14th October 1962?

A

American U2 spy plane takes pictures of medium range ballistic missiles in cuba and a fleet of soviet ships is discovered sailing to Cuba

82
Q

What occurs between 16-19th October 1962?

A

Kennedy gathers ExComm to discuss how US should react to missile threat

83
Q

What occurs on the 20th October 1962?

A

Kennedy imposes a naval quarantine around Cuba to prevent Soviet ships with weapons reaching Cuba

84
Q

What occurs on the 22nd October 1962?

A

Kennedy adresses America on tv justifying the use of the blockade to remove missiles in Cuba and he promises no nuclear war. He also informs Khrushchev that the Soviet convoy approaching Cuba would be stopped and searched

85
Q

What occurs on the 24th October 1962?

A

18 Soviet ships turn around to avoid confrontation. Khruschev issues statement insisting the Soviet Union would use nuclear weapons in the event of a war

86
Q

What occurs on the 25th October 1962?

A

Kennedy demands the removal of missiles in Cuba else he will invade them

87
Q

What occurs on the 26th October 1962?

A

Khrushchev sends Kennedy a telegram saying he will remove missiles in Cuba if US publicly agree not to invade Cuba

88
Q

What occurs on the 27th October 1962?

A

Khrushchev sends another telegram which promises the removal of missiles in return for the removal of US missiles in Turkey. A US spy plane is shot down over Cuba

89
Q

What occurs on the 28th October 1962?

A

The leaders reach an agreement on the verge of war to remove missiles from Turkey and Cuba but America would do it without the public knowing. The US will also not invade Cuba

90
Q

Which leader of Czechoslovakia came to power in 1967?

A

Antonin Novotny

91
Q

What were the negative impacts in Czechoslovakia due to Novotny?

A
  • failed to improve the countries state
  • economy rapidly declined
  • national income fell
92
Q

Who challenged Novotny’s leadership in October 1967 and where?

A
  • Dubcek and Ota Sik

- Meeting of Central Committee of the Communist Party

93
Q

When does Brezhnev withdraw support for Novotny? Why?

A

December 1967 after seeing the opposition to Novotny

94
Q

When does Dubcek become the First Secretary of the Communist party?

A

5th January 1968

95
Q

What does Dubcek wish to introduce as the new leader?

A

A series of reforms:

  • more freedom
  • less oppression
  • 10 year program to change Czechoslovakia into a multi-party state with democratic elections
96
Q

What do DUbcek’s reforms give rise to in Czechoslovakia?

A
  • the Social Democrats party

- calls for more extreme reform

97
Q

Who pressures Brezhnev to take action in Czechoslovakia?

A
  • Walter Ulbricht (East Germany)

- Gemulka (Poland)

98
Q

Armies from which countries invade Czechoslovakia?

A
  • Bulgaria
  • Poland
  • East Germany
  • Hungary
  • USSR
99
Q

When is Czechoslovakia invaded?

A

20th August 1968

100
Q

What do the Czechoslovakians do after falling under the hard line communist regime again?

A

Protest throughout 1968 and 69

101
Q

How does Dubcek grant greater political freedom?

A
  • abolishes press censorship

- free speech

102
Q

What is the impact of the greater political freedom in Czechoslovakia by March 1968?

A

The media is exposing corruption, discussing social and political issues and even grilling communist party leaders

103
Q

What methods are taken by Dubcek to improve the content of the people?

A
  • Secret police are given fewer powers
  • travel restrictions are lifted
  • work councils are created
104
Q

Who was Vasil Bilak and what was his famous quote to Brezhnev about Czechoslovakia during the Prague Spring?

A

The leader of the Slovakian Communist Party - “use all the means at your disposal” (to end reforms”)

105
Q

What was passed to re-assert control over Czechoslovakia on the 3rd August 1968?

A

Bratislava declaration

106
Q

What was the number of men involved in La Brigada?

A

1,400

107
Q

How many men made up the Cuban Army?

A

20,000

108
Q

Who and where were La Brigada trained?

A

CIA in Guatemala

109
Q

When did Kennedy confirm support for La Brigada?

A

January 1961

Cold War (2 decks)

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