N4 Auditory And Vestibular Systems Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in N4 Auditory And Vestibular Systems Deck (33)
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1
Q

Fills perilymphatic space (between bony and membranous labyrinths). Similar to ECF. Continuous with subarachnoid space through cochlear aqueduct.

A

Perilymph

2
Q

Fills membranous labyrinth (continuous throughout, closed system). Similar to intracellular fluid.

A

Endolymph

3
Q

Cells within the walls of the membranous labyrinth are connected by tight junctions creating a ____ between Perilymph and Endolymph.

A

Diffusion barrier

4
Q

Endolymph is secreted by cells within the cochlea called ____. Endolymph flows out through the ____ to the ____ where it is reabsorbed.

A

Stria Vascularis

Endolymphatic duct
Endolymphatic sac

5
Q

Auditory and Vestibular Receptors are ___ cells, which are found within the ____. Groups of hair cells, tallest stereocilia project into a _____. Tallest stereocilia are known as ____.

A

Hair

Membranous labyrinth

Gelatinous mass

Kinocilium

6
Q

Hair cells are _____ _____ channels.

Stereocilia are ____ (bend at base).

Stereocilia are linked to each other (so they bend as a unit) by _____.

A

Mechanosensitive transduction

Rigid (actin)

Tip Links

7
Q

Subtle differences in physical arrangements of hair cells determine the stimuli to which they are most sensitive:
Sound= _____ (structure)
Head movement = _____
Head position = _____

A

Cochlea

Semicircular ducts

Utricle and saccule

8
Q

Membrane suspended in perilymph and filled with endolymph. Embedded in temporal bone, forms 2.75 turns.

A

Cochlea

9
Q

Peripheral nerve processes of the cochlea are contained within the _____

A

Osseous Spiral Lamina

10
Q

The cell bodies (spiral ganglion) are part of this portion of the cochlea:

A

Modiolus

11
Q

Central nerve processes of the cochlea are part of this structure:

A

Cochlear nerve

12
Q

Sound ____ is determined by the rate and number of nerves firing

A

Intensity

13
Q

Basilar membrane and organ of corti (tonotopic organization) detect sound ____

A

Frequency

14
Q

Sound ____ is accomplished by comparing stimuli between ears within the CNS

A

Location

15
Q

When cochlear hair cells are damaged by VIII endings are intact, _____ are used where electrodes are placed at different points along the ____.

A

Cochlear implants

Basilar membrane

16
Q

Primary afferents stimulated by ____ contain their cell bodies in spiral Ganglion and synapse at both the ____ and ____.

A

Hair cells

Dorsal and Ventral cochlear nuclei

17
Q

Second order fibers from the dorsal cochlear nucleus ascend in the ____. Second order fibers from the ventral cochlear nucleus synapse at the ____ (by crossing the ___), then ascend through the ____.

A

Lateral Lemniscus

Superior Olivary Nucleus (involved in sound localization)

Trapezoid body

Lateral Lemniscus

18
Q

The lateral Lemniscus terminates at the ____, which sends fibers through the inferior brachium to the ____ of the thalamus, which projects to the ____ (primary auditory cortex located on the superior temporal lobe)

A

Inferior colliculus

Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN)

Transverse Temporal Gyri

19
Q

Regulates posture (erector Spinae muscles), coordinates eye and head movements

A

Vestibular Division

20
Q

Each semicircular duct has a dilation called an ____.

A

Ampulla

21
Q

A structure of the ampulla. Contains supporting cells and hair cells.

A

Crista

22
Q

Creates a partition across the ampulla, responds to angular acceleration (deflection in a perpendicular direction… turning a wheel)

A

Cupula (gelatinous mass)

23
Q

Semicircular ducts are not able to detect ____

A

Continuous rotation

24
Q

The utricle and saccule each have a tuft of hair cells called the ____. The stereocilia project into a gelatinous mass called the ____, which flops in response to various head positions.

A

Macula

Otolithic Membrane

25
Q

Utricle detects these movements

A

Forward/backward and side/side

26
Q

Saccule detects these movements

A

Forward/backward and up/down

27
Q

The ____ projects directly to the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei.

A

Vestibular ganglion

28
Q

Projections out of the vestibular nuclei:

A
  1. Spinal cord- posture
  2. Cerebellum- head movement
  3. Nuclei of CN III, IV, VI- vestibuloocular reflex (eye movements that keep eye fixed on target when head moves)
  4. Contralateral vestibular nuclei
  5. Thalamus -> cerebral cortex- conscious awareness
  6. Visceral nuclei- autonomic effects
29
Q

Projections into the vestibular nuclei:

A
  1. Cerebellum
  2. Spinal cord
  3. Visual Info
  4. Contralateral vestibular nuclei
30
Q

Vestibular projections to the spinal cord include:

A
  1. Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract- stabilize posture

2. Medial Vestibulospinal tract- stabilize head

31
Q

Eyes make repetitive uncontrolled movements. Can be physiological (aids in keeping images on the retina during movement) or pathological. Can be slow and fast.

A

Nystagmus

32
Q

Excessive alcohol consumption can dislodge the ____ and affect the ____

A

Otoconia

Cupula

33
Q

Position Sense depends on these three things:

Need 2 or 3 to function; loss of 2 or 3 will cause disability known as ____

A
  1. Vestibular Sense
  2. Proprioceptive Sense
  3. Visual Sense

Rhomberg’s sign