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Beauty Therapy L2 > N2/N3/B4 > Flashcards

N2/N3/B4 Flashcards

0
Q

What do langerhan cells do?

A

Move from epidermis to the dermis and enter lymph system

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1
Q

What is a langerhan cell?

A

Absorb foreign bodies that enter the skin

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2
Q

What is the lymph system?

A

Body’s waste transport system

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3
Q

What 5 layers make up the epidermis?

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum licidium
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum germanium
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4
Q

What is the top layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

What is the middle layer of the skin?

A

Dermis

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6
Q

What is a melanocyte cell

A

The cells that produce the skin pigment melanin which contributes to our skin colour

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7
Q

What stimulates melanocyte cells to produce menalin?

A

Ultra violet rays

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8
Q

What is the bottom layer of the skin?

A

Subcutaneous (fatty layer)

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9
Q

Which layer of skin is known also as true skin?

A

Dermis

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10
Q

What does stratum mean?

A

Latin for layer

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11
Q

What are the 7 functions of the skin?

A 
Secretions
Heat regulation
Absorption
Protection
Excretions
Vitamin D production
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12
Q

Uv rays cause the skin..?

A

Burning (UVB)

Aging (UVA)

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13
Q

What would you recommended for uv rays?

A

SPF/ sunscreen

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14
Q

What are free radicles?

A

Molecules that are harmful to the body.

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15
Q

What do free radicles do?

A

Breakdown proteins of the skin causing premature ageing.

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16
Q

What would you recommend for protection against free radicles?

A

Moisturise day & night

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17
Q

AHA stands for?

A

Alpha Hydroxy Acids

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18
Q

What can stress cause?

A

Skin disorders
Tension
Dark circles
Slow circulation

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19
Q

What would you recommend for stress?

A

Facial treatment - reduce & relieve stress

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20
Q

How does smoking impact the skin?

A

Slows cell respiration (restricts nutrients cells receive)

Removal waste products less effective

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21
Q

Produces chemical destroys vitamin c this causes?

A

Premature ageing, as it interferes with the production of collagen

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22
Q

Caffeine is bad for the skin if?

A

Consumed in large quantities (4+) blocking absorption of nutrients

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23
Q

Caffeine is found in?

A

Tea coffee, cocoa and fizzy drinks

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24
Q

Recommendation for someone who drinks a lot of caffeine?

A

Caffeine free products & herbal teas

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25
Q

Alcohol is bad for the skin because…?

A

It causes dehydration, prevents absorption of certain vitamins

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26
Q

If alcohol is drunk alot you will find?

A

Excess of broken capillaries

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27
Q

Alcohol causes…?

A

Sluggish skin

Client to look older

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28
Q

Medication causes?

A

Fluid retention
Dehydration
Pigmentation problems
Sebaceous gland conditions

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29
Q

What does nutrition do for the skin?

A

Fuels replacement of cells
Maintains growth
Repairs and rehydrates skin

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30
Q

Sleep is essential for ?

A

Repairing tissues and growth

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31
Q

Lack of sleep makes you more likely to?

A

Become run down, pick up infections and feeling down

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32
Q

Body is how much percent water?

A

80%

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33
Q

The body needs water to…?

A

Function

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34
Q

Water helps the body’s…?

A

Blood flow around the body

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35
Q

How much water should you drink a day?

A

8-10 glasses or 2 litres

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36
Q

Exercise is good for the body because…?

A

Increases your heart rate, gives your lungs a work out and stimulates the blood flow which shows in the skin.

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37
Q

Exercise boosts?

A

The immune system, stress levels are reduced and the heart functions better.

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38
Q

Exercise, encourage the client to?

A

Carry our an exercise activity 2-3 times a week.

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39
Q

Pregnancy hormones may affect?

A

The pigmentation of the skin and darker patches called chloasma may appear.

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40
Q

What is Chloasma and where is it found?

A

Dark patches on the skin and is commonly found along the hair line and on the neck or hands

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41
Q

A contra indication is?

A

Something that prevents you from doing a treatment

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42
Q

Four contra indications?

A

Bacterial infection
Viral infection
Parasitic infection
Severe nail separation

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43
Q

A restriction is?

A

Something which makes you modify the treatment

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44
Q

What is bacteria?

A

Minute single cell organisms of varied shapes

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45
Q

What is the difference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic?

A

Pathogenic bacteria can cause skin disease. Non-pathogenic bacteria are harmless.

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46
Q

Bacteria is

A

Airborne

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47
Q

What is Impetigo?

A

A highly contagious inflammatory infection.

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48
Q

Impetigo presents as?

A

Red itchy patches or spots. The skin then breaks and small blisters appear.
Honey coloured crusts then develop which leak serum and spreads easily.

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49
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

A highly infectious Inflammation of the mucous membrane that covers the eye end lines the eyelid.

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50
Q

Conjunctivitis presents as?

A

The eye becomes inflamed, very red, sore, watery and pus may be present.

One or both eyes may be infected

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51
Q

What is a stye?

A

Infection of the Sebaceous glands of the eyelash hair follicles

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52
Q

What does a stye look like?

A

Small lumps containing pus on the rim of the eyelid

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53
Q

What is a boil?

A

A red, raised painful lump will appear around a hair follicle and then pus will develop.

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54
Q

A boil may cause?

A

Scarring as it will extend deeply into the skin

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55
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

Infection of numerous hair follicles

A hard round abscess larger than a boil which oozes pus from several points upon its surface

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56
Q

Where are carbuncle usually found and what occurs after it has healed?

A

The back of the neck and scarring

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57
Q

What is a viral infection?

A

Viruses invade healthy body cells and multiply with in the cell: in due course the cell walls break down.
If you have had a virus you are always susceptible to it.

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58
Q

What is herpes simplex?

A

Recurring skin condition which causes inflammation of the skin in localised areas.red and itchy followed by a crust which may crack and weep tissue fluid.

59
Q

When does herpes simplex occur?

A

When the skins resistance is lowered through stress or ill health, may also be caused by exposure of the skin to extreme temperature or ultra violet light

60
Q

Is there a danger of secondary infection of herpes simplex and if yes what is it?

A

Yes danger of impetigo

61
Q

What is the common name for herpes zoster?

A

Shingles

62
Q

What is herpes zoster?

A

A painful disease where the virus attacks the sensory nerve endings.
Redness of the skin occurs along the line of the affected nerves.
Blisters develop and form crusts leaving purplish - pink pigmentation

63
Q

What is a wart/verruca?

A

A raised growth on the skin that usually has a rough surface and is grey/yellow in colour. They are contagious and so must be totally avoided during treatment

64
Q

What is an infestation?

A

When tiny animals/parasites/mites invade the body

65
Q

What is scabies?

A

A condition which an animal/parasite burrows beneath the skin and invades the hair follicles

66
Q

What does scabies present as?

A

Minute paupers and wavy greyish lines appear where dirt has entered the burrows

67
Q

What can occur after scabies?

A

Secondary bacterial infection may occur as a result of scratching.

68
Q

Where are scabies found?

A

Usually found in warm areas such as webs of fingers and the creases of the arm

69
Q

What is a fungal disease?

A

Fungi are microscopic plants they are parasites dependant upon a host for their existence.

70
Q

What do fungal diseases of the skin feed off?

A

The waste products of the skin.

71
Q

Where are fungi found?

A

Some are found on the skins surface others attack the deeper tissue

72
Q

What is tinea corpus?

A

Body Ringworm

73
Q

What does tinea mean?

A

Ringworm

74
Q

What does tinea corporis infectious?

A

Yes

75
Q

What does tinea corporis present as?

A

First small red pimples
A flat scaley ring like lesion forms
This heals from the centre out wards

76
Q

Name a sebaceous gland disorder?

A

Milia

77
Q

What is milia?

A

Small hard perky white cysts commonly found around the eyes and cheeks

78
Q

Is milia contagious?

A

No

79
Q

What is a commedone?

A

A black head

80
Q

Where are comedones found?

A

Commonly around the face upper back and chest

81
Q

What are comedones?

A

Blocked pour - when reaches top oxidises and goes black

82
Q

What is seborrhoea?

A

The follicle openings enlarge and excessive sebum is secreted

83
Q

What does the skin look like with seborrhoea

A

Course and greasy; with comedones, pustules and papules

84
Q

What is a sebaceous cyst?

A

Localised pockets of sacs of sebum which form in hair follicles or under the sebaceous glands in the skin.

85
Q

What causes a sebaceous cyst?

A

The sebum becomes blocked causing a lump to form

86
Q

Is a sebaceous cyst contagious?

A

No

87
Q

What is acne vulgaris?

A

Linked to hormones of the body and is most common in teenage years

88
Q

Hoe is acne vulgaris recognised?

A 
Inflamed skin
Papules and pustules 
Comedones
Open pours
Seborrhoea
89
Q

What is seborrhoea?

A

Greasy shine

90
Q

What is acne vulgaris caused by?

A

The influence of androgen hormone at puberty

91
Q

How can acne vulgaris be treated?

A

Only once medical approval has been obtained

92
Q

What is acne rosacea?

A

Excessive sebum secretion combines with a chronic inflammatory condition caused by dilation of the blood capillarys

93
Q

Is acne rosacea contagious?

A

No

94
Q

What does acne rosacea look like?

A

The skin becomes course the pores enlarge and the cheek and nose area become inflamed.
Sometimes swelling and producing a butterfly pattern
Blood circulation slows in the dialysed cappilaries creating a purplish appearance

95
Q

What is hyper pigmentation?

A

Increased pigmentation

96
Q

What is hypo pigmentation?

A

Loss of pigmentation

97
Q

What are ephilades

A

Freckles

98
Q

What do ephilades look like?

A

Small flat pigmentated areas darker than surrounding skin

99
Q

What are liver spots?

A

Flat smooth irregularly shaped pigmented areas of skin

100
Q

Where are liver spots found?

A

The back of the hands, forearms, the upper chest, the temples and the forehead

101
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

Patches of complete white skin which have lost thier pigment or which have never pigmented

102
Q

What is erythema?

A

An area of skin in which blood capillarys have dilated, due either to I just or imflammation

Skin appears red

103
Q

What is a dilated capillary?

A

A capillary near the surface of the skin that are permanently dilated

Small red visible blood capillaries

104
Q

What is a mole?

A

Skin condition that changes the cells of the skin resulting in malformation

105
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Red patches of skin appear covered by scale like waxy (silver) cells

It scratched will bleed

106
Q

What are skin tags?

A

3mm-6mm

Pink / skin coloured

107
Q

What is hives?

A

A minor skin disorder caused by contact with an allergen either internally or externally

108
Q

Hives presents as?

A

Erythema with raised, round whitish skin Weals, it can have intense burning or itching

109
Q

What happens when a skin allergy occurs?

A

If sensitive the skin van become inflamed on contact with a particular substance.

110
Q

What can cause a skin allergy?

A

Can be animal, chemical or vegetable substances?

May be eaten, inhaled or absorbed following skin contact

111
Q

Allergic reaction appears?

A

Irritated, itching and discomfort with reddening and swelling.

112
Q

Petrissage

A

Kneading /frictions

113
Q

Effleurage

A

Stroking / link

114
Q

Tapotement

A

Hacking /brisk

115
Q

Eccrine glands are found where?

A

Everywhere

116
Q

Apocrine glands are found where?

A

underarms, nipple and groin area and become active at puberty

117
Q

Hair follicle is found where?

A

In the dermis but not present in palms of hands, the soles of feet or lips

Produce and contains the hair during life cycle

117
Q

Hair shaft is?

A

Part of hair above the skin (visible)

117
Q

Sebaceous glands are present where?

A

All over the body (except Palms of hand and feet)

117
Q

Sebaceous glands produce?

A

sebum

118
Q

Arrester pili muscle is?

A

A muscle attaches to the hair follicle

119
Q

What does the arrester pili muscle do?

A

Makes hair stand on end when cold or frightened

Goose bumps

120
Q

Name the 2 types of nerves found in the skin?

A

Sensory nerves & motor nerves

121
Q

Where are sensory nerves found and what do they do?

A

In the skin & they detect heat, touch, cold, pain & pressure

122
Q

What do motor nerves do?

A

Bring messages from brain to bring about a response

123
Q

Dermal papilla is?

A

Blood supply for the hair and follicle

124
Q

Dermal papilla does?

A

Provide food and oxygen which are essential for growth of the hair

125
Q

Subcutaneous layer also known as?

A

Adipose

126
Q

What does the subcutaneous layer do?

A

Protection/ insulation, support and a food supply if needed

127
Q

Name 6 benefits of mask?

A 
Cleaning
Nourishing
Peeling
Refining
Soothing
Stimulating
128
Q

Benefits of using calamine power ingredient?

A

Soothing & calamine

129
Q

Ski type for calamine use?

A

Mature, sensitive, dehydrated or dry

130
Q

Effect of using magnesium as a power ingredient?

A

Toning effect

131
Q

Skin type for magnesium use?

A

Open pours, mature, normal & dry

132
Q

Effect of using Kadin as power ingredient?

A

Stimulating effect

133
Q

Use Kadin on which skin type?

A

Young, combination or oily

Removal of waste products

134
Q

Effects of fullers earth as power ingredient?

A

Stimulating

135
Q

Fullers earth is used for which skin type?

A

Oily or sluggish circulation

136
Q

The effect of Flowers of sulphur as a power ingredients is?

A

Drying

137
Q

What type of skin is flower of sulphur used for?

A

ONLY PAPULES AND PUSTULES

138
Q

Name the 5 active liquids from gentle to strong?

A 
Distilled water
Almond oil
Rose water
Orange flower
Witch hazel
139
Q

What type of skin will benefit from distilled water as an active liquid?

A

Sensitive, dehydrated

140
Q

What type of skin will benefit from almond oil as an active liquid?

A

Dry or mature

141
Q

What type of skin will benefit from rose water as an active liquid?

A

Normal
sensitive
dry

142
Q

What type of skin will benefit from orange flower as an active liquid?

A

Normal
Combination
Young

143
Q

What type of skin will benefit from witch hazel as an active liquid?

A

Blemishes, combination, oily

Beauty Therapy L2 (3 decks)

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