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NCLEX-RN (8) Pediatrics > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Flashcards in Musculoskeletal Deck (17)
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1
Q

Describe:

Dysplasia of the hip

A

The abnormal placement of the head of the femur in the hip socket.

It can occur in utero or in childhood.

2
Q

What are the signs of dysplasia of the hip in an infant?

A
  • shortening of the limb on the affected side
  • unequal gluteal folds
  • positive Ortolani’s test
3
Q

What is Ortolani’s test (maneuver)?

A

Checks for hip dysplasia by rotating the thighs.

If a “click” sound is heard, it indicates a dislocated femoral head.

4
Q

How is hip dysplasia treated in an infant?

A

Child wears a Pavlik harness continuously for 3 - 6 months to stabilize the hip.

5
Q

What is the last resort treatment for hip dysplasia?

A

Hip surgery to realign the femoral head (closed or open reduction).

Child will have a spica cast and then an abduction brace for up to 6 months.

6
Q

Describe:

Congenital clubfoot

A

A deformity of the ankle and foot.

7
Q

Treatment:

Congenital clubfoot

A

By manipulating the foot and putting a cast on it for about 8 - 12 weeks. Then a splint is applied.

8
Q

What is the last resort treatment for congenital clubfoot?

A

Surgery to realign the bones and tendons if improvement is not seen by 6 - 12 weeks of age.

9
Q

What are the general interventions for a child in a cast or brace?

A

Neurovascular checks - The 5 P’s:

  • pain
  • pallor
  • pulse
  • paraesthesia
  • paralysis

If the child is having these symptoms with a musculoskeletal injury or procedure, intervene right away.

10
Q

Describe:

Scoliosis

A

A spinal deformity that is usually diagnosed during the preadolescent growth spurt.

11
Q

Treatment:

Scoliosis

A
  • If deformity is minor, client will wear a brace
  • if deformity is severe, client will get a spinal fusion surgery
12
Q

What are the psychological concerns with scoliosis?

A

Scoliosis occurs during the preadolescent years, which puts the child at risk of social isolation and feelings of fear and anger.

Use therapeutic communication to help child cope.

13
Q

Describe:

Juvenile arthritis

A

An autoimmune disorder where the joints become inflamed.

It’s more common in girls and there is no cure.

14
Q

Interventions:

Juvenile arthritis

A

There is no cure for juvenile arthritis so interventions focus on preserving joint function and controlling inflammation:

  • PT and OT
  • corticosteroids
  • DMARDs: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs to decrease inflammation
15
Q

What is the priority concern if an infant has a fracture?

A

Abuse.

Infants rarely get fractures, so it is a priority to rule out abuse.

16
Q

What are the steps if a child gets a fracture?

A
  1. Immobilize the extremity
  2. do a neurovascular check (the 5 P’s)
  3. if it’s a compound fracture (bone is showing), put a dressing on it
  4. elevate extremity
  5. apply a cold pack
  6. Take child to ER
17
Q

What are the 5 main types of fractures?

A
  1. greenstick
  2. transverse
  3. comminuted
  4. spiral
  5. compound