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Human Anatomy > Muscles of the body > Flashcards

Muscles of the body Flashcards

1
Q

Most skeletal muscles run from one _____ to another.

A

bone

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2
Q

What is the origin of a muscle?

A
  • Less movable attachment of a muscle

- start

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3
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

The more movable attachment of a muscle

- end

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4
Q

The ________ of the muscle moves towards the _______.

A

insertion towards origin

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5
Q

Skeletal muscles are arranged into ________.

A

fascicles

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6
Q

What are fascicles?

A

Bundle of fibres running parallel to one another.

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7
Q

How does fascicle arrangement allow one to determine?

A

Tells you about the action of the muscle.

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8
Q

What is the power of the muscle determined by?

A

1 - The number of muscle fibres in the muscle (more fibres means more power)

2 - Length of the fibres

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9
Q

What are the different, basic muscle types?

A 
Parallel
- fusiform
- straplike
Circular
Triangular/convergent
Pennate
- unipennate
- bipennate
- multipennate
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10
Q

What are parallel muscles?

A

Fibres run parallel to the long axis of the muscle.

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11
Q

What are the two types of parallel muscles (i.e. where the fibres run parallel to the long axis of the muscle)?
Provide an example for each.

A

Fusiform - biceps brachii

Straplike - sartorius

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12
Q

Describe a fusiform muscle.

A

Parallel muscle

- central belly with two tapered ends

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13
Q

Describe a straplike muscle.

A

Parallel

- long, thin, strappy type muscle

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14
Q

Between both biceps brachii and sartorius, which would be more powerful?

A

Biceps brachii:

  • bigger, thicker
  • shorter muscle that can contract quicker
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15
Q

What does circular muscle do? Where would you find it?

Give an example.

A

Circular muscles help close any type of orifice.

ex: orbicularis oris - helps close the mouth

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16
Q

What does pennate mean?

A

Feather; fibres attach obliquely

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17
Q

What does unipennate mean?

Give an example muscle.

A

All the fascicles are one the same side of the tendon

ex: extensor digitum longus

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18
Q

What does bipennate mean?

Give an example muscle.

A

Fascicles on both sides of the central tendon

ex: rectus femoris

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19
Q

What does multipennate mean?

A

Multiple insertions in featherlike arrangement

ex: deltoid

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20
Q

“A muscles cannot reverse the movement it produces.” Explain this.

A

When a muscle contracts and performs its movement, another muscles must undo the action.
These muscle with opposite actions will lie on opposite sides of a joint.

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21
Q

Whenever a muscle crosses a joint it….(finish the statement).

A

Performs an action on that joint.

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22
Q

What is a prime mover/Agonist?

A

Has a major responsibility for a certain movement.

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23
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Opposes or reverses the movement of a prime mover.

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24
Q

What is a synergist?

A

Helps the prime mover.

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25
Q

How can a synergist help the prime mover?

A

1 - By adding extra force
2 - By reducing undesirable movements
3 - Stabilizing the prime mover

26
Q

What is a fixator?

A

Type of synergist.

  • Holds a bone/joint firmly in place
  • Stabilizes the prime mover so it can act more efficiently
27
Q

What are the different kinds of muscular contractions?

A

Concentric contraction
Eccentric contraction
Isometric contraction

28
Q

What is concentric contraction?

A

Muscle shortens and does work

29
Q

What is eccentric contraction?

A

Muscle generates force as it lengthens.

  • resisting gravity - acts as a brake
  • negative work
30
Q

What is an example of an eccentric contraction?

A

Squats

31
Q

What is DOMS, what is it caused by?

A

Delayed Onset Muscular Soreness.

Caused mostly by eccentric contraction since most of the muscle tears occur during eccentric contraction.

32
Q

What are isometric contraction?

A

Contraction to stabilize, not shortening or lengthening.

33
Q

How are muscles divided into compartments.

A

Dense regular CT divides limb muscles into compartments.

34
Q

What are muscle compartments?

A

Group of skeletal muscles that arose from a common embryonic origin

35
Q

The CT that divides muscles into compartments wraps after what layer?

A

The epimysium

36
Q

Muscles in opposing compartments are what?

What do they share?

A

Agonist and antagonist pairs

Share a common blood and nerve supply

37
Q

What are the different muscles compartments of the arm?

Give an example for both.

A

Anterior and posterior
A - biceps brachii
P - triceps brachii

38
Q

What are the different muscle compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Medial

39
Q

What does the anterior compartment muscles of the arm do?

The posterior?

A

Anterior - flex the shoulder or elbow

Posterior - extend the shoulder or elbow

40
Q

What does the anterior compartment of the thigh do?

Posterior?

A

Posterior (think hamstring curl)

  • extends hip, flexes knee
  • backswing phase of walking

Anterior (Think leg extension)
- flex the hip, extend the knee

41
Q

What do the medial compartment muscles of the thigh do?

Lateral?

A

Medial
- adduct thigh

Lateral
- abduct thigh

42
Q

There are 4 general rules for muscle actions as they cross a joint. What are they?

A 
A muscle that crosses on the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ side of joint produces \_\_\_\_\_\_.
1 - Anterior - flexion
2 - Posterior - extension
3 - Lateral - abduction
4 - medial - adduction
43
Q

What are the different ways in which skeletal muscle can be named?

A 
Location
Shape
Relative size
Direction of fascicles and muscle fibres.
Number of origins
Action
44
Q

Give an example muscle who’s name provides the location.

A

Brachialis - located on the arm

45
Q

Give an example muscle who’s name provides the shape.

A

Deltoid - triangular

46
Q

Give an example muscle who’s name provides the relative size

A

Gluteus maximus - large

47
Q

Give an example muscle who’s name provides the location of attachments.

A

Brachioradialis
first name is origin, second is insertion.
Origin - arm
insertion - radius

48
Q

Give an example muscle who’s name provides the number of origins.

A

Biceps - two

49
Q

Give an example muscle who’s name provides the action?

A

Extensor digitum longus

- extends fingers

50
Q

Where is the origin and insertion of the external intercostal muscles?

A

External intercostals pull the ribcage up and out, insertion moves towards origin so,
Insertion on the bottom rib, origin on the upper rib

51
Q

Where is the origin and insertion of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Internal intercostals pull the ribcage down and in so,
insertion - top rib
origin - bottom rib

52
Q

Where is the origin and insertion of the diaphgram?

A

When contracted, flattens, dome when relaxed so,

middle is insertion, origin is around edge.

53
Q

How many muscles cross the shoulder joint and insert on the humerus?

A

Nine

54
Q

What muscle can be injured when doing that cat back on the DL?

A

erector spinae

55
Q

What are the chief forearm flexors?

A

Biceps and brachialis
brachialis is a synergist
biceps is the PM

56
Q

What are the chief forearm extendors?

A

Triceps (PM) and anconeus (synergist)

57
Q

Brevis means?

A

Short

58
Q

Magnus means?

A

Large

59
Q

The quadriceps femoris has 4 different _______. These are not _______.

A

heads

not origins

60
Q

How does the tensor fasciae latae stabilize the trunk on the thigh?

A

Making IT band taut

61
Q

Hamstrings cross the ___ and _____ joints on the ______ side.
This means they do what?

A

Hip and knee
Posterior
Flexes thigh and extends hip

Human Anatomy (53 decks)

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