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A&P CHAPTER 10 VOCB > MUSCLES > Flashcards

Flashcards in MUSCLES Deck (33)
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0
Q

A connective tissue partition that separates adjacent fasciculi in a skeletal muscle

A

Perimysium

1
Q

A dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds a skeletal muscle and is continuous with the tendons/aponeuroses of the muscle and with the perimysium.

A

Epimysium

2
Q

Bundles of muscle fibers

A

Fascicle

3
Q

A delicate network of connective tissue fibers that surrounds individual muscle cells

A

Endomysium

4
Q

Embryonic stem cells that function in the repair of damaged muscle tissue

A

Myosatellite cells

5
Q

A collagenous band that connects a skeletal muscle to an element of the skeleton

A

Tendon

6
Q

A broad tendinous sheet that may serve as the origin or insertion of a skeletal muscle

A

Aponeurosis

7
Q

The plasma membrane of a muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

8
Q

The cytoplasm of a muscle cell

A

Sarcoplasm

9
Q

The transverse, tubular extensions of the sarcolemma that extend deep into the sarcoplasm, contacting cistern are of the sarcoplasm if reticulum

A

Transverse T tubules

10
Q

Organized collections of myofilaments in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells

A

Myofibrils

11
Q

The smallest contractile unit of a striated muscle cell

A

Sarcomeres

12
Q

Composed primarily of actin

A

Thin filaments

13
Q

Composed primarily of myosin

A

Thick filaments

14
Q

A myosin head that projects from the surface of a thick filament and that can bind to an active site of a thin filament in the presence of calcium ions.

A

Cross-bridges

15
Q

A synapse between a neuron and a muscle cell

A

Neuromuscular junction

16
Q

A propagated change in the transmembrane potential of excitable cells, initiated by a change in the membrane permeability to sodium ions.

A

Action potential

17
Q

A narrow space, separates the synaptic terminal of the neuron from the opposing sarcolemmal surface

A

Synaptic cleft

18
Q

A chemical neurotransmitter in the brain and peripheral nervous system; the dominant neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system, released at neuromuscular junctions and synapses of the parasympathetic division

A

Acetylcholine

19
Q

A single stimulus-contraction-relaxation cycle in a skeletal muscle

A

Twitch

20
Q

If a skeletal muscle is stimulated a second time immediately after the relaxation phase has ended, the resulting contraction will develop a slightly higher maximum tension than did the contraction after the first stimulus

A

Treppe

21
Q

When a higher stimulation frequency eliminates the relaxation phase

A

Complete tetanus

22
Q

Tension rises and the skeletal muscles length changes

A

Isotonic contractions

23
Q

The muscle as a whole does not change length and the tension never exceeds the load

A

Isometric contractions

24
Q

A high-energy compound in muscle cells, during muscle activity, the phosphate group is donated to ADP, regenerating ATP.

A

Creatine phosphate

25
Q

The complete breakdown of organic substrates into carbon dioxide and water via pyruvic acid; a process that yields large amounts of ATP but requires mitochondria and oxygen

A

Aerobic metabolism

26
Q

An anaerobic cytoplasmic breakdown of glucose into lactic acid by way of pyruvic acid, with a net gain of two ATP molecules

A

Anearobic process/glycolysis

27
Q

A compound produced from pyruvic under anaerobic conditions

A

Lactic acid

28
Q

The conditions in muscle fibers are returned to normal

A

Recovery period

29
Q

The amount of oxygen required to restore normal, preexertion conditions

A

Oxygen debt

30
Q

Muscle cells found only in the heart

A

Cardiac muscle cells

31
Q

Each cardiac muscle cells contacts several others at specialized sites

A

Intercalated discs

32
Q

Forms sheets, bundles, or sheaths around other tissues in almost every organ

A

Smooth muscle tissue