Function and attachment of buccinator
attachments- from alveolar processes of the maxilla & mandible, pterygoid hamulus & pterygomandibular raphe to the buccal angle function- compresses cheek
Innervation of buccinator
facial n.
Blood supply of buccinator
facial & buccal a.
Function and attachment of depressor anguli oris
attachments- from mandible to buccal angle function- depresses buccal angle laterally
Innervation of depressor anguli oris
facial n
Blood supply of depressor anguli oris
inferior labial & mental a.
Function and attachment of depressor labii inferioris
attachments- from lower oblique line of mandible to skin & mucosa of lower lip function- draws lower lip downward
Innervation of depressor labii inferioris
facial n.
Blood supply of depressor labii inferioris
inferior labial & mental a.
Function and attachment of frontalis
attachments- from the superficial fascia of the eyebrows to the epicranial aponeurosis function- protracts the scalp or elevates eyebrows & nose
Innervation of frontalis
facial n.
Blood supply of frontalis
superficial temporal, supraorbital & supratrochlear a.
Function and attachment of levator anguli oris
attachments- from canine fossa of maxilla to angle of mouth function- raises angle of mouth
Innervation of levator anguli oris
facial n.
Blood supply of levator anguli oris
facial, superior labial & infraorbital a.
Function and attachment of levator labii superioris
attachments- from the infraorbital orbital margin to the lateral aspect of the upper lip function- raises & everts upper lip
Innervation of levator labii superioris
facial n.
Blood supply of levator labii superioris
facial, angular & infraorbital a.
Function and attachment of mentalis
attachments- from incisive fossa of mandible to skin of chin function- raises lower lip
Innervation of mentalis
facial n.
Blood supply of mentalis
inferior labial & mental a.
Function and attachment of nasalis
attachments- from the maxilla lateral & inferior to the nasal notch to the bridge & ala of the nose function- transverse fibers compress & alar fibers widen the nasal aperature
Innervation of nasalis
facial n. (buccal branch)
Blood supply of nasalis
lateral nasal, angular & infraorbital a.
Function and attachment of orbicularis oculi
attachments- from orbital margin & medial palpebral lig. to superficial fascia of the eyelid function- palpebral sphinchter
Innervation of orbicularis oculi
temporal & zygomatic branches of the facial n.
Blood supply of orbicularis oculi
superficial temporal, lacrimal, supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal,
Function and attachment of orbicularis oris
attachments- from the angle of the mouth to the superficial fascia of the upper lip. function- oral sphinchter
Innervation of orbicularis oris
facial n.
Blood supply of orbicularis oris
facial, inferior & superior labial, infraorbital & mental a.
Function and attachment of platysma (G. platys, flat, broad)
attachments- from the lower border of the mandible to the superficial fascia of the skin of the neck overlying the clavicle function- wrinkles the anterior nuccal skin
Innervation of platysma (G. platys, flat, broad)
facial n.
Blood supply of platysma (G. platys, flat, broad)
facial, submental & suprascapular a.
Function and attachment of zygomaticus major [G. zygon, yoke, a joining or pair]
attachments- from zygomatic bone to angle of the mouth function- raises the buccal angle
Innervation of zygomaticus major [G. zygon, yoke, a joining or pair]
facial n.
Blood supply of zygomaticus major [G. zygon, yoke, a joining or pair]
facial, superior labial, transverse facial & infraorbital a.
Function and attachment of inferior oblique
attachments- from the maxilla lateral to the nasolacrimal groove to the inferolateral, posterior aspect of the sclera function- elevation, abduction and extorsion of the eye
Innervation of inferior oblique
inferior ramus of the oculomotor n.
Blood supply of inferior oblique
ophthalmic & infraorbital a.
Function and attachment of inferior rectus (L. straight)
attachments- from the common tendinous ring to the inferior aspect of the sclera. function- depression, adduction & extorsion of eye
Innervation of inferior rectus (L. straight)
inferior ramus of the oculomotor n.
Blood supply of inferior rectus (L. straight)
ophthalmic & infraorbital a.
Function and attachment of lateral rectus
attachments- from the common tendinous ring to the lateral aspect of the sclera. function- abduction of the eye
Innervation of lateral rectus
abducens n.
Blood supply of lateral rectus
ophthalmic & lacrimal a.
Function and attachment of levator palpebrae superioris
attachments- from the inferior aspect of the lesser wing of the sphenoid to the tarsus and skin of the upper lid. function- elevation of the upper lid
Innervation of levator palpebrae superioris
superior ramus of the oculomotor n.
Blood supply of levator palpebrae superioris
ophthalmic & supraorbital a.
Function and attachment of medial rectus
attachments- from the common tendinous ring to the medial aspect of the sclera, function- adduction of the eye
Innervation of medial rectus
inferior ramus of the oculomotor n.
Blood supply of medial rectus
ophthalmic, anterior ethmoidal & posterior ethmoidal a.
Function and attachment of superior oblique
attachments- from the superomedial, posterior aspect of the orbit (body of sphenoid) to the superolateral, posterior aspect of the sclera passing around the trochlea (superomedial, anterior aspect of the orbit), function- abduction, depression & intorsion of the eye
Innervation of superior oblique
trochlear n.
Blood supply of superior oblique
ophthalmic, uspraorbital, anterior ethmoidal & posterior ethmoidal a.
Function and attachment of superior rectus
attachments- from the common tendinous ring to the superior aspect of the sclera, function- elevation, adduction & intorsion of the eye
Innervation of superior rectus
superior ramus of the oculomotor n.
Blood supply of superior rectus
ophthalmic & supraorbital a.
Function and attachment of masseter
attachments- from the zygomatic arch to the angle of the mandible & lateral aspect of the ramus, function- elevation, protraction and retraction (deep fibers) the mandible
Innervation of masseter
mandibular nerve
Blood supply of masseter
masseteric, facial & transverse facial a.
Function and attachment of temporalis
attachments- from the temporal fossa to the coronoid process & anterior border (temporal crest) of the ramus of the mandible, function- elevation & retraction (posterior aspect of the muscle) of the mandible
Innervation of temporalis
mandibular n.
Blood supply of temporalis
deep temporal a.
Function and attachment of lateral pterygoid
attachments- from the infratemporal surface of the sphenoid & lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate to the pterygoid fovea of the mandible & the TMJ disc function- protraction of the mandible & acts with the ipsilateral medial pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce the side-to-side movements during trituration of food
Innervation of lateral pterygoid
mandibular n.
Blood supply of lateral pterygoid
pterygoid & ascending palatine a.
Function and attachment of medial pterygoid
attachments- from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate & adjacent pterygoid fossa to the medial aspect of the angle of the mandible function- elevation of the mandible & acts with the ipsilateral lateral pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce the side-to-side movements during trituration of food
Innervation of medial pterygoid
mandibular n.
Blood supply of medial pterygoid
pterygoid a.
Function and attachment of anterior digastric
attachments- from the digastric fossa of the mandible to the intermediate tendon (greater cornu of hyoid), function- depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid
Innervation of anterior digastric
mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar n.
Blood supply of anterior digastric
submental branch of facial a.
Function and attachment of posterior digastric
attachments- from the temporal mastoid notch to the intermediate tendon (greater cornu of hyoid), function- depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid
Innervation of posterior digastric
facial n.
Blood supply of posterior digastric
occipital & posterior auricular a.
Function and attachment of geniohyoid
attachments- from the inferior genial tubercle of the mandible to the anterior aspect of the body of the hyoid, function- elevation & anterior displacement of the hyoid, or depression of the mandible with a fixed hyoid
Innervation of geniohyoid
ventral ramus of C1 (via the hypoglossal n.)
Blood supply of geniohyoid
sublingual a.
Function and attachment of longus capitis
attachments- from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to the basilar occipital bone, function- flexion of the head & neck
Innervation of longus capitis
ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
Blood supply of longus capitis
vertebral, ascending cervical, ascending pharyngeal & inferior thyroid a.
Function and attachment of longus colli (L. neck)
attachments- from cervical vertebral bodies to cervical vertebral bodies & transverse processes, function- flexion of the neck
Innervation of longus colli (L. neck)
ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
Blood supply of longus colli (L. neck)
vertebral, ascending pharyngeal & inferior thyroid a.
Function and attachment of mylohyoid
attachments- from the mylohyoid line of the mandible to the midline raphe & anterior aspect of body of the hyoid, function- elevation of the floor of the oral cavity
Innervation of mylohyoid
mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar n.
Blood supply of mylohyoid
submental branch of facial & lingual a.
Function and attachment of omohyoid (G. omos, shoulder)
attachments- from the superior border of the scapula medial to the scapular notch to the lateral aspect of the hyoid passing through an intermediate tendon sling loosely associated with the clavicle & 1st rib, function- depression of the hyoid
Innervation of omohyoid (G. omos, shoulder)
ansa cervicalis
Blood supply of omohyoid (G. omos, shoulder)
superior thyroid & suprascapular a.
Function and attachment of scalenus anterior
attachments- from the transverse processes (anterior tubercles) of middle cervical vertebrae to the scalene tubercle of the 1st rib, function- elevation of 1st rib (during forced inspiration) & flexion & rotation of the neck
Innervation of scalenus anterior
ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
Blood supply of scalenus anterior
ascending cervical, suprascapular & trasverse cervical a.
Function and attachment of scalenus medius
attachments- from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to 1st rib, function- elevation of 1st rib (during forced inspiration) & lateral flexion of the neck
Innervation of scalenus medius
ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
Blood supply of scalenus medius
ascending cervical, suprascapular & transverse cervical a.
Function and attachment of scalenus posterior
attachments- from lower cervical transverse processes to the 2nd rib, function- elevation of the rib (during forced inspiration)
Innervation of scalenus posterior
ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
Blood supply of scalenus posterior
ascending cervical, suprascapular & transverse cervical a.
Function and attachment of sternocleidomastoid
attachments- from the lateral aspect of the mastoid process & superior nuchal line to the manubrium & medial 1/3rd of the clavicle, function- flexion of the head & neck, & contralateral rotation of the head
Innervation of sternocleidomastoid
accessory n
Blood supply of sternocleidomastoid
occipital, posterior auricular, superior thyroid & suprascapular a.
Function and attachment of sternohyoid
attachments- from the posterior side of the proximal clavical & adjacent manubrium to the inferior border of body of the hyoid, function- depresses the hyoid
Innervation of sternohyoid
ansa cervicalis
Blood supply of sternohyoid
superior thyroid a.
Function and attachment of sternothyroid
attachments- from the posterior aspect of the manubrium to the thyroid lamina, function- depression of the elevated larynx
Innervation of sternothyroid
ansa cervicalis
Blood supply of sternothyroid
superior thyroid
Function and attachment of thyrohyoid
attachments- from the thyroid lamina to the hyoid bone, function- depression of the hyoid or elevation of the thyroid cartilage
Innervation of thyrohyoid
ventral ramus of C1 via the hypoglossal n.
Blood supply of thyrohyoid
superior thyroid a.
Function and attachment of splenius capitis (G. splenion, bandage)
attachments- from the ligamentum nuchae and lower cervical & upper thoracic spinous processes to the lateral third of the superior nuchal line, function- extension & lateral flexion of the head
Innervation of splenius capitis (G. splenion, bandage)
dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.
Blood supply of splenius capitis (G. splenion, bandage)
vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Function and attachment of splenius cervicis
attachments- from spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae to transverse processes of upper three cervical vertebrae, function- together extend neck, single side does ipsilateral rotation
Innervation of splenius cervicis
dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.
Blood supply of splenius cervicis
vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Function and attachment of longissimus capitis
attachments- from the upper thoracic transverse processes to the posterior margin of the mastoid process, function- extension & ipsilateral rotation of the head
Innervation of longissimus capitis
dorsal rami of spinal n.
Blood supply of longissimus capitis
vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Function and attachment of semispinalis capitis
attachments- from upper thoracic & cervical transverse processes to the occipital bone between the inferior & superior nuchal lines, function- extension of the head
Innervation of semispinalis capitis
dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.
Blood supply of semispinalis capitis
vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Function and attachment of semispinalis cervicis
attachments- from upper thoracic transverse processes to cervical spinous processes, function- extension of the neck
Innervation of semispinalis cervicis
dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.
Blood supply of semispinalis cervicis
vertebral, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Function and attachment of rectus capitis posterior major
attachments- from the spinous process of the axis to the adjacent occipital bone, function- extension of the head
Innervation of rectus capitis posterior major
suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)
Blood supply of rectus capitis posterior major
vertebral & occipital a.
Function and attachment of rectus capitis posterior minor
attachments- from the posterior tubercle of the atlas to the adjacent occipital bone, function- extension of the head
Innervation of rectus capitis posterior minor
suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus C1)
Blood supply of rectus capitis posterior minor
vertebral & occipital a.
Function and attachment of obliquus capitis inferior
attachments- from the spinous process of the axis to the transverse process of the atlas, function- ipsilateral rotation of the head
Innervation of obliquus capitis inferior
suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)
Blood supply of obliquus capitis inferior
vertebral & occipital a.
Function and attachment of obliquus capitis superior
attachments- from the transverse process of atlas to the occipital bone between superior & inferior nuchal lines, function- posterolateral flexion of the head
Innervation of obliquus capitis superior
suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)
Blood supply of obliquus capitis superior
vertebral & occipital a.
Function and attachment of genioglossus
attachments- from the superior genial tubercle to the hyoid (body), middle constrictor & length of the ventral aspect of the tongue, function- protrusion of the tongue
Innervation of genioglossus
hypoglossal n.
Blood supply of genioglossus
deep lingual & sublingual a.
Function and attachment of hyoglossus (G. glossa, tongue)
attachments- from the greater cornu & body of the hyoid to the lateral aspect of the tongue, function- depression of the tongue
Innervation of hyoglossus (G. glossa, tongue)
hypoglossal n.
Blood supply of hyoglossus (G. glossa, tongue)
submental & sublingual a.
Function and attachment of styloglossus
attachments- from the styloid process to the lateral base of the tongue, function- elevation & retraction of the tongue
Innervation of styloglossus
hypoglossal n.
Blood supply of styloglossus
sublingual a.
Function and attachment of levator veli palatini
attachments- from the petrous temporal bone adjacent to the carotid canal & the cartilagenous portion of the auditory tube to the soft palate, function- elevates the soft palate
Innervation of levator veli palatini
vagus nerve (pharyngeal branch)
Blood supply of levator veli palatini
ascending palatine, greater palatine & lesser palatine a.
Function and attachment of musculus uvulae (L. uva, grape)
attachments- from the hard palate (horizontal plate of palatine bone) to the uvular mucosa, function- aids in palatopharyngeal closure
Innervation of musculus uvulae (L. uva, grape)
vagus n. (pharyngeal branch)
Blood supply of musculus uvulae (L. uva, grape)
ascending palatine & lesser palatine a.
Function and attachment of palatoglossus
attachments- from the palatine aponeurosis to the lateral aspect of the tongue, function- elevation of the root of the tongue & approximation of the palatoglossal folds
Innervation of palatoglossus
vagus n. (pharyngeal branch)
Blood supply of palatoglossus
ascending palatine, ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.
Function and attachment of palatopharyngeus
attachments- from posterior hard palate (horizontal plate of palatine bone) and palatine aponeurosis to the wall of the pharynx, function- elevation of the pharynx & approximation of the palatopharyngeal folds
Innervation of palatopharyngeus
vagus n. (pharyngeal branch)
Blood supply of palatopharyngeus
ascending palatine, ascending ppharyngeal & tonsilar a.
Function and attachment of tensor veli palatini
attachments- from the scaphoid fossa, cartilage of the auditory tube & spine of the sphenoid to the palatine aponeurosis (after deflecting around the hamulus), function- unilateral deviation & bilateral tension of the soft palate
Innervation of tensor veli palatini
mandibular n.
Blood supply of tensor veli palatini
ascending palatine, greater palatine & lesser palatine a.
Function and attachment of inferior constrictor
attachments- from the cricoid & thyroid cartilages to median pharyngeal raphe, function- general sphinchteric & peristalic action in swallowing
Innervation of inferior constrictor
pharyngeal plexus (X), recurrent laryngeal n & external laryngeal n.
Blood supply of inferior constrictor
ascending pharyngeal & inferior thyroid a.
Function and attachment of middle constrictor
attachments- from the greater & lesser cornu of hyoid & stylohyoid ligament to the median pharyngeal raphe, function- general sphinchteric & peristalic action in swallowing
Innervation of middle constrictor
pharyngeal plexus (X)
Blood supply of middle constrictor
ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.
Function and attachment of superior constrictor
attachments- from pterygoid hamulus & pterygomandibular raphe to the median pharyngeal raphe, function- general sphinchteric & peristalic action in swallowing
Innervation of superior constrictor
pharyngeal plexus (X)
Blood supply of superior constrictor
ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.
Function and attachment of salpingopharyngeus (G. salpinx, trumpet)
attachments- from the cartilage of the auditory tube to the lateral wall of the pharynx, function- elevation of the superior lateral aspect of the pharyngeal wall
Innervation of salpingopharyngeus (G. salpinx, trumpet)
vagus n.
Blood supply of salpingopharyngeus (G. salpinx, trumpet)
ascending pharyngeal & ascending palatine a.
Function and attachment of stylopharyngeus
attachments- from the styloid process to the posterolateral aspect of the pharyngeal wall, function- elevation of the pharyngeal wall
Innervation of stylopharyngeus
glossopharyngeal n.
Blood supply of stylopharyngeus
ascending pharyngeal a.
Function and attachment of aryepiglotticus
attachments- from the oblique arytenoids to the aryepiglottic folds, function- closes the aryepiglottic folds
Innervation of aryepiglotticus
recurrent laryngeal n.
Blood supply of aryepiglotticus
superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Function and attachment of lateral cricoarytenoid (G. krikos, a ring)
attachments- from the arch of the cricoid cartilage to the muscular process of the arytenoid, function- closes the glottis (adducts the vocal folds)
Innervation of lateral cricoarytenoid (G. krikos, a ring)
recurrent laryngeal n.
Blood supply of lateral cricoarytenoid (G. krikos, a ring)
superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Function and attachment of posterior cricoarytenoid
attachments- from the posterior surface of the cricoid lamina to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage, function- opens the glottis (abducts the vocal folds)
Innervation of posterior cricoarytenoid
recurrent laryngeal n.
Blood supply of posterior cricoarytenoid
superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Function and attachment of cricothyroid
attachments- from the anterolateral external aspect of the cricoid cartilage to the lower border of the thyroid cartilage & inferior cornu, function- tenses the vocal folds
Innervation of cricothyroid
external laryngeal n.
Blood supply of cricothyroid
superior thyroid a.
Function and attachment of interarytenoids (transverse & oblique)
attachments- from arytenoid to arytenoid, function- closes glottis & assists in closing aryepiglottic folds
Innervation of interarytenoids (transverse & oblique)
recurrent laryngeal n.
Blood supply of interarytenoids (transverse & oblique)
superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Function and attachment of thyroarytenoid
attachments- from the lower half of the thyroid angle to the anterolateral aspect of the arytenoid cartilage, function- closes glottis or slackens vocal folds
Innervation of thyroarytenoid
recurrent laryngeal n.
Blood supply of thyroarytenoid
superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Function and attachment of thyroepiglotticus
attachments- from the thyroid angle to the epiglottic margin, function- widens glottis
Innervation of thyroepiglotticus
recurrent laryngeal n.
Blood supply of thyroepiglotticus
superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Function and attachment of vocalis
attachments- from the thyroid angle to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage, function- slackens tensed vocal ligaments for changes in pitch
Innervation of vocalis
recurrent laryngeal n.
Blood supply of vocalis
superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Function of stapedius
dampens vibrations of the stapes
Innervation of stapedius
facial n.
Function of tensor tympani
dampens movement of the malleus
Innervation of tensor tympani
nerve to the medial pterygoid, mandibular n.
function and attachment of stylohyoid
attachments- from the styloid process to the greater cornu of the hyoid function- elevation & retraction of the hyoid
innervation of stylohyoid
facial n.
blood supply of stylohyoid
occipital, posterior auricular & facial a.