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Year 3: Neuro > Multiple Sclerosis > Flashcards

Flashcards in Multiple Sclerosis Deck (17)
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1
Q

define multiple sclerosis?

A

inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS

2
Q

what are the types of MS

A
o	Relapsing-Remitting MS 
o	Clinically Isolated Syndrome 
o	Primary Progressive MS 
o	Secondary Progressive MS 
o	Marburg Variant
3
Q

what is relapsing remitting MS?

A
  • COMMONEST form 85%

* Clinical attacks (1-2 months) of demyelination with complete remission in between attacks

4
Q

what is clinically isolated syndrome?

A
  • Single clinical attack of demyelination
  • The attack in itself does NOT count as MS
  • 10-50% progress to develop MS
5
Q

what is primary progressive MS?

A
  • Progressive deterioration from the onset

* More common in elderly

6
Q

what is secondary progressive MS?

A

• Original relapsing-remitting patients who have deteriorated and have developed neurological signs and symptoms between relapses.

7
Q

what is the Marburg variant?

A

• Severe fulminant variant of MS leading to advanced disability or death within weeks

8
Q

aetiology of MS?

A

• Autoimmune basis with potential environmental trigger in genetically susceptible individuals

9
Q

risk factors for MS?

A

o EBV exposure

o Prenatal vitamin D levels

10
Q

epidemiology of MS?

A
  • More common in women
  • Age of presentation: 20-40 yrs
  • More common in higher altitudes
11
Q

typical symptoms of MS?

A
•	Optic Neuritis 
o	Pins and needles  
o	Numbness  
o	Spastic weakness in the legs 
•	Autonomic   and cerebellar symptoms.
12
Q

what is uhthoffs sign?

A

worsening of neurological symptoms as the body gets overheated from hot weather, exercise, saunas, hot tubs etc

13
Q

what is Lhermitte’s Sign ?

A

an electrical sensation that runs down the back and into the limbs when the neck is flexed

14
Q

major signs of MS on physical exam?

A
•	Optic Neuritis 
•	Visual Field Testing 
o	Central scotoma 
•	Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD) 
•	Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia 
o	Paraesthesia  
o	UMN signs
15
Q

diagnostic test for MS?

A

• MRI Brain with contrast will show plaques

16
Q

what will a lumbar puncture test show?

A

o CSF electrophoresis shows unmatched oligoclonal bands

17
Q

how can a diagnosis be made?

A

finding of two or more CNS lesions with corresponding symptoms, separated in time and space - McDONALD CRITERIA