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Semester 2 > MSK Session 7 > Flashcards

MSK Session 7 Flashcards

0
Q

What forms the hip bone?

A

Ilium
Pubic bone
Ischium

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1
Q

What forms the pelvic girdle?

A

2 innominate bones
Sacrum
Coccyx

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2
Q

Why bust the pelvis be carefully examined upon fracture in one location?

A

If its breaks in one place it is likely to break in another

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3
Q

How much movement does the sacroiliac joint allow?

A

A small amount

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4
Q

Slippage of what causes shortening of the leg in injury?

A

Sacroiliac joint

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5
Q

What is true leg length?

A

ASIS to medial malleolus

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6
Q

What is apparent leg length?

A

Umbilicus to medial malleolus

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7
Q

What weight bears when seated?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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8
Q

What does the acetabulum have components of?

A

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

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9
Q

What happens to the triradiate cartilage that joins the three components of the acetabulum in children?

A

It is ossified by 20-25 y.o.

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10
Q

Which is the weight bearing bone of the leg?

A

Tibia

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11
Q

What does the tibia articulate with?

A

Proximally: condyles of femur
Distally: talus
Proximally and distally: fibula

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12
Q

What develops on the tibia in osteoarthritis?

A

Osteophytes

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13
Q

What line can be seen on the posterior tibia?

A

Soleal

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14
Q

Why does the femur have a thin neck?

A

Allow for a large range of movement

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15
Q

What does the femur articulate with proximally?

A

Acetabulum

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16
Q

What is the angle of inclination?

A

Axis of head and shaft

125 degrees

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17
Q

What causes external rotation of the leg in femoral neck fracture?

A

Lesser trochanter moving superiorly

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18
Q

Who can the anterior and posterior femur be identified?

A

Anterior has intertrochanteric line

Posterior has intertrochanteric crest (more visible)

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19
Q

Why is it possible to walk if the fibula is broken?

A

It is non weight bearing

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20
Q

What does the fibula articulate with?

A

Talus

Tibia

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21
Q

Why must the leg be amputated if the fibula is congenitally absent?

A

Lack of muscle attachments

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22
Q

What are the 7 tarsus bones?

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
3 Cuneiform
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23
Q

Which is the only bone of the fort that articulate as with the leg?

A

Talus

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24
Q

How many phalanges are present in the figure at toe?

A

2

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25
Q

How many phalanges are there in all digits except the great toe?

A

3

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26
Q

What is the direction of the 2 arches of the foot?

A

Front to back

Side to side

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27
Q

What are the anterior thigh muscles innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve

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28
Q

What movements do the anterior thigh muscles carry out?

A

Flexion at the hip

Extension of knee

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29
Q

Where do all of the quadriceps muscles converge?

A

Quadriceps tendon

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30
Q

What are the quadriceps muscles?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis

31
Q

Which muscles in the anterior thigh are innervated directly from spinal level?

A

Iliopsoas

32
Q

Which muscles form the iliopsoas group?

A

Psoas major
Psoas minor
Iliacus

33
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Aorta –> external iliac –> femoral artery –> deep artery of thigh –> circumflex –> perforating

34
Q

What does the femoral artery turn into when it passes through the hiatus?

A

Popliteal artery

35
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the anterior compartment of the thigh.

A

Saphenofemoral junction –> great saphenous vein –> posterior of medial condyle of femur –> anterior to medial maleolus
–> popliteal vein –> small saphenous vein

36
Q

What is the main action of pectineus?

A

Adduct thigh
Flex thigh
Assist w/medial rotation

37
Q

What innervates pectineus?

A

Femoral nerve

38
Q

What is the main action of psoas major?

A

Flex thigh

Stabilising hip joint

39
Q

What innervates psoas major?

A

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1-3

40
Q

What is the main action of psoas minor?

A

Flex thigh

Stabilise hip joint

41
Q

What innervates psoas minor?

A

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1 and 2

42
Q

What is the main action of iliacus?

A

Flex thigh

Stabilise hip joint

43
Q

What innervates iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve

44
Q

What is the main action of sartorius?

A

Flex thigh
Abduct thigh
Laterally rotate thigh
Flex leg at knee

45
Q

What innervates sartorius?

A

Femoral nerve

46
Q

What is the main action of quadriceps femoris?

A

Extend leg at knee

Rectus femoris steadies hip and assists iliopsoas flex

47
Q

What innervates quadriceps femoris?

A

Femoral nerve

48
Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh collectively known as?

A

Hip adductors

49
Q

How many muscles are there in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

5

50
Q

What innervates all 5 muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator

51
Q

What supplies all muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator artery

52
Q

What are the five muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracialis
Obturator externus
53
Q

What is the main action of adductor longus?

A

Addicts thigh

54
Q

What is the main action of adductor brevis?

A

Adducts thigh

Flexes thigh to some extent

55
Q

What is the main action of adductor magnus?

A

Adductor thigh
Adductor part: flexes thigh
Hamstrings part: extends thigh

56
Q

What is the main action of gracialis?

A

Addicts thigh
Flexes leg
Helps rotate leg medially

57
Q

What is the main action of obturator externus?

A

Laterally rotates thigh

Steadies head of femur in acetabulum

58
Q

What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial border of sartorius

59
Q

What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

60
Q

What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial border of adductor longus

61
Q

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Iliopsoas laterally

Pectineus medially

62
Q

What forms the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia lata
Cribriform fascia
Subcutaneous tissue
Skin

63
Q

What is the contents of the femoral triangle moving lateral to medial?

A

Femoral nerve and its terminal branches
Femoral artery and several of its branches
Femoral vein and its proximal tributaries

64
Q

What are the proximal tributaries of the femoral vein?

A

Great saphenous vein

Profundua femoris vein

65
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

A

3-4 cm long funnel-shaped fascial compartment lining the vascular compartment of the retro-inguinal space

66
Q

What does the femoral sheath house?

A

Femoral canal

67
Q

What does the space in the femoral canal allow for?

A

Venous and lymph distension during different levels of flow

68
Q

What is housed within the femoral canal?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatic vessels
Deep inguinal lymph node

69
Q

What is outside the femoral canal but within the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve

70
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

Small intestine pushed through femoral ring

71
Q

What is the femoral ring?

A

Weak point in anterior abdominal wall

72
Q

What bounds the femoral ring?

A

Laterally: femoral
Medially: lacunar ligament

73
Q

What does a femoral hernia initially compress?

A

Femoral canal

74
Q

What can cause strangulation of a femoral hernia?

A

Lacunar ligament

75
Q

Why are femoral hernias more common in women?

A

They usually have a wider pelvis

76
Q

What is the usual treatment for femoral hernia?

A

Surgery

Semester 2 (45 decks)

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