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Musculoskeletal > MSK Histology > Flashcards

Flashcards in MSK Histology Deck (40)
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1
Q

describe a skeletal muscle cell

A

striated
unbranched
multinucleated

2
Q

what is the cell membrane in a skeletal muscle cell also called?

A

sarcolemma

3
Q

what are the bundles that muscle fibres are grouped into called?

A

fascicle

4
Q

what is the connective tissue that covers a single muscle fibre called?

A

endomysium

5
Q

what is the connective tissue that covers a single fascicle called?

A

perimysium

6
Q

what is the connective tissue that covers the muscle as a whole called?

A

epimysium

7
Q

describe the organisation of the muscle

A

muscle fibre contain many myofibrils with each consisting of many sarcomeres

8
Q

what is the unit of contraction in muscle cells?

A

sarcomere

9
Q

what does the sarcomere extend from and to?

A

z line

10
Q

what does a motor unit consist of?

A

one motor neurone and all of the muscle fibres that it innervates

11
Q

what does a fewer number of muscle fibre in a motor unit result in?

A

a finer control of movement

12
Q

what is the special name of synapse in muscles?

A

neuromuscular junction

13
Q

how many types of skeletal muscle fibre are there? name them.

A

3

type I
type IIA
type IIB

14
Q

describe type I

A

slowly contracting fibres

15
Q

is cartilage permeable?

A

yes

bone is not permeable

16
Q

what are the cells found in cartilage called?

A

chondrocytes (chondroblasts when immature

17
Q

what is the name of the extracellular metric chondrocytes live in?

A

lacuna

18
Q

what type of collagen is most common in cartilage?

A

type II cartilage

19
Q

name the 3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

20
Q

what is the most common type of cartilage?

A

hyaline

blue-white in colour

21
Q

what colour is elastic cartilage?

A

light yellow - flexible

22
Q

what colour is elastic cartilage?

A

light yellow - flexible

23
Q

describe fibrocartilage

A

hybrid of tendon and hyaline cartilage
type I collagen
appears white

24
Q

name the 2 types of bone

A

cortical bone

cancellous/trabecular bone

25
Q

where on the bone is cortical bone seen?

A

outer shell

shaft

26
Q

what is the other word of the shaft of the bone?

A

diaphysis

27
Q

where does cancellous/trabecular bone occupy?

A

ends of bone

28
Q

what is the other word for end of bone?

A

epiphyses

29
Q

what are the living cells contained in cortical bone called?

A

osteocytes

30
Q

cortical bone penetrated by blood vessels forming what?

A

canals

31
Q

cortical bone penetrated by blood vessels forming what?

A

canals

32
Q

what are the lines that are often visible surrounding the osteon termed?

A

cement lines

33
Q

name the cell:

located on bone surfaces, for example under the periosteum, these cells serve as a pool of reserve osteoblasts

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

34
Q

name the cell:

bone forming cells found on the surface of developing bone. They have plentiful RER and prominent mitochondria

A

osteoblasts

35
Q

name the cell:

a bone cell trapped within the bone matrix

A

osteocytes

36
Q

name the cell:

large (up to 40µm or more) multinucleated cells. They are found on the surface of bone and are responsible for bone resorption

A

osteoclasts

37
Q

what is the collective term given to the components that osteoblasts secrete?

A

osteoid

38
Q

Younger osteons often partially obliterate older osteons

true or false?

A

true

39
Q

what is the name of the bone that is laid down following a break?

A

woven bone

40
Q

how does woven bone differ to normal lamellar bone?

A

collagen is laid in haphazard fashion in comparison to one direction in lamellar bone

woven bon dis not as strong as lamellar bone