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Flashcards in movements Deck (28)
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1
Q

occiput-atlas x-axis rotation range?

A

14-35 degrees

2
Q

occiput-atlas y-axis rotation range?

A

axial- 4-8 degrees each side

3
Q

occiput-atlas z-axis rotation range?

A

cadavers- 4-11 degrees

4
Q

atlas-axis x-axis rotation range?

A

biconvexity combined= 20 degrees

5
Q

C1-C2 y axis rotation range?

A

43 +/- 5 degrees; lots of Y rotation at C2

6
Q

where does over 50% of the rotation of the neck happen?

A

C1-C2 y-axis rotation

7
Q

what structure is displaced with y-axis rotation?

A

intraarticular meniscoids

8
Q

what is the range of C1-C2 z-axis lat bend?

A

limited to 5 degrees- alar ligaments

9
Q

what is couple with C1-C2 y-axis rotation?

A

y-translation

10
Q

what is the C1-C2 z translation?

A

very little; C1 ring around dens

11
Q

what is the C1-C2 x translation?

A

CONTROVERSIAL; only apparent; Panjabi/White

12
Q

what are the coupled motions involved with C1-C2? (not natural)

A

axial- longitudinal

lateral- sagittal

13
Q

+x rot. coupled with?

A

+ z translation

14
Q
  • x rot. coupled with?
A
  • z translation
15
Q

+ z rot. is coupled with?

A
  • y rot.
16
Q
  • z rot. is coupled with?
A

+ y rot.

17
Q

where are the steepest cervical arches?

A

C6-7

18
Q

more translation in cervicals takes place where?

A

upper cervicals

19
Q

uncinate processes guide what coupled motion?

A

lateral flexion with axial rotation

20
Q

with compressive load, which structure is first to fail?

A

vertebral end plate

21
Q

what is the degree of y-axis rotation of the thoracic spine?

A

20 degrees

22
Q

what is the thoracic facet orientation from the horizontal plane?

A

60 degrees

23
Q

primary movement of thoracics?

A

lat bending coupled with axial rotation

24
Q

thoracic flex/ext is combined with?

A

+/- z translation

25
Q

what increases y axis stability in the thoracics?

A

rib cage

26
Q

L1-L4 facets limit?

A

axial/y axis rotation

27
Q

L5-S1 facets limit?

A

z translation

28
Q

axial rotation in lumbar is limited due to?

A

sagittal facet orientation