Motor Systems: Modulation of Movement by the Cerebellum Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Motor Systems: Modulation of Movement by the Cerebellum Deck (36)
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1
Q

The function of the cerebellum is to detect the difference, or ____, between intended movement and actual movement.

A

motor error

2
Q

The cerebellum influences ____ to reduce motor error.

A

upper motor neurons

3
Q

The cerebellum does not initiate movement but it contributes to ____, ____, and ____.

A

coordination
precision
accurate timing

4
Q

The cerebellum receives input from sensory systems of the spinal cord and from other parts of the brain, integrating these inputs to ____.

A

fine tune motor activity

5
Q

Damage to the cerebellum does not cause paralysis, but instead produces disorders in ____, ____, ____, and ____.

A

fine movement
equilibrium
posture
motor learning

6
Q

The cerebellar cortex is composed of the ____, ____ and ____.

A

Cerebrocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum

7
Q

The deep cerebellar nuclei are composed of ____, ____ and ____.

A

Dentate nucleus
Interposed nucleui
Fastigial nucleus

8
Q

The cerebellar peduncles are composed of ____, ____ and ____.

A

Superior ppeduncle
Middle peduncle
Inferior peduncle

9
Q

The cerebrocerebellum receives inputs from the ____.

A

cortex

10
Q

The cerebrocerebellum is responsible for producing ____ and planning and execution of ____.

A

skilled movements

spatial and temporal sequences (incl. speech)

11
Q

The spinocerebellum receives inputs from the ____.

A

spinal cord

12
Q

The lateral spinocerebellum controls movements of ____ muscles while the medial side (____) controls ____ muscles and ____.

A

distal
vermis
proximal
eyes

13
Q

The vestibulocerebellum receives inputs from the ____.

A

vestibular system

14
Q

The ____ are folds in the cortical mantle of the cerebellum

A

folia

15
Q

The superior cerebellar peduncles are ____, the middle ____, and the inferior ____.

A

efferent
afferent
mixed

16
Q

The pontine nuclei relays inputs from the cortex and superior colliculus via the ____.

A

middle cerebellar peduncles

17
Q

The infereior olive relays inputs from the spinal cord and brainstem via the ____.

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

18
Q

Inputs from the motor, premotor, and association cortices lead to the cerebrocerebellum via the ____.

A

pontine nuclei

19
Q

Auditory and visual signals lead to the ____.

A

vermis (middle)

20
Q

Vestibular inputs come from ____.

A

CN VIII

21
Q

Output from the cerebellar cortex goes to ____ and then (via ____) to the thalamus, which controls ____.

A

deep cerebellar nuclei
superior cerebellar peduncle
upper motor neurons in the cortex

22
Q

Descending outputs from deep cerebellar nuclei to the brainstem control ____.

A

axial and proximal limb musculature (posture)

23
Q

The 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex are the ____, ____ and ____.

A

Molecular
Purkinje
Granule

24
Q

Purkinje cells use the neurotransmitter ____.

A

GABA (inhibitory)

25
Q

Local circuit neurons in the cerebellum consist of ____, ____, ____ and ____ cells.

A

Granule (>1/2 of all neurons in entire brain)
Stellate
Basket
Golgi

26
Q

Mossy fibers come from ____.

A

pontine nuclei

27
Q

Parallel fibers come from ____.

A

granule cells

28
Q

Climbing fibers wrap around ____ and come from the ____.

A

purkinje cells

inferior olive

29
Q

Purkinje cells are ____.

A

inhibitory

30
Q

The climbing fiber transports the ____ to the cerebellum.

A

motor error signal

31
Q

Climbing fibers are relevant for short-term ____ and long-term ____.

A

adaption (error control)

motor learning

32
Q

Parallel fibers evoke ____.

A

single spikes

33
Q

Climbing fibers evoke ____.

A

complex spikes

34
Q

The spinocerebellum regulates ____.

A

body and limb movements

35
Q

The vestibulocerebellum regulates ____.

A

balance and eye movements

36
Q

Cerebellar ataxia

A

Difficulty producing smooth, well-coordinated, multi-jointed movements