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PT 312 > Motor Learning > Flashcards

Flashcards in Motor Learning Deck (46)
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1
Q

what is the definition of motor performance

A

demonstration of a new skill fairly accurately, but without long term retention of that skill and parameters can be clearly described and measured

2
Q

Is motor performance an accurate reflection of learning

A

not always

3
Q

what is the definition of motor learning

A

set of processes associated with practice or experiences leading to a relatively permanent change in capability or movement

4
Q

how is motor learning determined

A

retention of skill after period of no practice and transfer of learning

5
Q

what are the key points of motor control

A

organization of practice
task oriented retraining
valued goal by the patient or learner establised

6
Q

what are the 3 stages of motor learning

A

cognitive
associative
autonomous

7
Q

what is the cognitive stage

A

learner works to develop an understanding of the skill “what is to be done”

8
Q

what does the learner need in the cognitive stage

A

lots of feedback, predictable environment, emphasize purpose of skill, minimize distractions, clear instructions, some manual guidance

9
Q

what is the associative stage

A

fewer errors and focus on “how to” do the skill

10
Q

what is key in the associative stage

A
increase complexity of task
increase distraction
encourage independence
encourage problem solving
decrease guidance & feedback
avoid manual guidance
11
Q

what is the autonomous stage

A

task no longer requires cognitive effort “automatic stage”

12
Q

what should you provide in the autonomous stage

A

opportunities for practice with more challenging environments
increase distractions and challenges

13
Q

what are the motor learning variables (4)

A

1 pre-practice
2 practice schedules
3 types of practice
4 feedback

14
Q

what are considerations made in pre-practice (7)

A
1 motivation
2 practice schedule
3 attention
4 goal setting
5 understanding of task
6 modeling and demonstration
7 types of practice
15
Q

what are the considerations of practice schedules (3)

A

1 amount
2 type
3 variability

16
Q

what are the types of practice schedules (3)

A

1 massed vs distributed
2 constant vs variable
3 random vs blocked

17
Q

what is massed practice

A

more practice than rest

18
Q

what is distributed practice

A

rest is equal to or greater than work

19
Q

what is constant practice

A

keep everything the same

20
Q

what is variable practice

A

generalize by changing environment

21
Q

what is random practice

A

multiple components in one task

22
Q

what is blocked practice

A

one component again and again and again

23
Q

what are the 3 practice types

A

1 whole vs part
2 discovery vs guided
3 mental practice

24
Q

what is whole practice type

A

the whole task

25
Q

what is part practice type

A

part of the task

26
Q

what is discovery practice type

A

allow patient to figure it out

27
Q

what is guided practice type

A

give constant feedback

28
Q

what is mental practice type

A

visualize skill without doing it

29
Q

what are the 2 types of feedback

A

1 intrinsic

2 extrinsic

30
Q

what is intrinsic feedback

A

info provided to learner internally

sensory & perceptual info

31
Q

what is extrinsic feedback

A

information provided to learner from outside

32
Q

what are the 2 types of extrinsic feedback

A

1 knowledge of performance

2 knowledge of results

33
Q

what is knowledge of performance

A

feedback about correct pattern of moving

34
Q

what is knowledge of results

A

verbal feedback after action

35
Q

what are the 4 types of feedback given during performance

A

1 continuous
2 intermittent
3 concurrent
4 fading

36
Q

what is continuous feedback

A

constant

37
Q

what is intermittent feedback

A

periodically

38
Q

what is concurrent feedback

A

while task is being done but not continuosuly

39
Q

what is fading feedback

A

feedback gets less over time

40
Q

what are the 3 types of post response

A

1 immediate
2 delayed
3 summary

41
Q

what is immediate feedback

A

right after performance

42
Q

what is delayed feedback

A

a little after performance

43
Q

what is summary feedback

A

overall feedback on several trials

44
Q

how does learning occur

A

motivation, the learner must want to gain something, arouses tension in the learner, and propensity to act or change behavior

45
Q

What hinders learning (7)

A
1 knowledge of educator
2 competence of educator
3 lack of clarity
4 neglect or harsh punishment
5 inappropriate materials for learners ability
6 readiness to learn
7 lack of realistic expectations
46
Q

what are 4 considerations regarding motor learning

A

1 organize the learning experience
2 practice skill under varied conditions
3 reinforcement of skill
4 transfer of skill beyond initial educational setting