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Flashcards in motor control part 2 Deck (42)
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1
Q

which basal ganglia circuit plays a major role in cognitive control of motor activity?

A

caudate circuit

2
Q

which basal ganglia circuit plays a role in subconscious execution of learned patterns of movement

A

putamen circuit

3
Q

which area acts as a comparator, comparing intention with actual motor performance and can effect the cerebellum via climbing fiber input?

A

inferior olivary nucleus

4
Q

what are the major inhibitory cells in the cerebellar cortex?

A

purkinje cells

5
Q

strong stimulation of 1 climbing fiber would elicit what response?

A

complex action potential of 1 or few purkinje cells

6
Q

strong stimulation of 1 mossy fiber would elicit what response?

A

simple action potential of 100s of thousands of purkinje cells

7
Q

spontaneous and continuous writhing movements would be associated with a lesion in which area?

A

globus pallidus

8
Q

a patient presents with a resting tremor, lead pipe rigidity in the extremities. voluntary movements are accurate but slow, where is there likely to be a lesion?

A

basal ganglia- substantia nigra

9
Q

what is the cerebellar hemispheric circuit?

A

cortico ponto cerebello rubro thalamo corticospinal

10
Q

patient presents with ataxia, unable to perform rapid alternating movements and unable to check movements of right arm. where is lesion most likely?

A

right side of cerebellum

11
Q

cerebellar lesions create what type of finding due to double crossing?

A

ipsilateral- rebound

12
Q

what symptoms are seen with a cerebellar lesion?

A

disruption of coordination, limb and eye movements
impaired balance
decreased muscle tone

13
Q

the ventral spinocerebellar tract gains access to the cerebellum primarily via which peduncle?

A

intermediate/ middle

14
Q

what does the floculonodular lobe/ vestibulocerebellum do?

A

governs eye movement and body equilibrium

15
Q

what does the spinocerebellum do?

A

initiates movement

influences descending motor systems

16
Q

the cerebrocerebellum/ lateral zone does what?

A

planning and initiation of movement and extra motor prediction
mental rehearsal of complex motor actions
conscious assessment of movement errors

17
Q

if you administer yohimbine (alpha 2 receptor blocker) and then stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, what effect do you expect on the amount of norepinephrine released?

A

increase

18
Q

what inhibits norepinephrine release?

A

norepinephrine inhibits itself

19
Q

mass SNS discharge involves?

A
– Increase in arterial pressure
– decreased blood flow to inactive organs/tissues 
– increase rate of cellular metabolism
– increased blood glucose metabolism
– increased glycolysis in liver & muscle
– increased muscle strength
– increased mental activity
– increased rate of blood coagulation
20
Q

denervation supersensitivity is associated with what adaptations?

A

up regulation of receptors by target tissue

21
Q

what is the effect of the SNS stimulation on most vascular smooth muscle?

A

constriction

22
Q

the adrenal medulla is an extension of the?

A

SNS system

23
Q

SNS stimulation releases what hormones?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

24
Q

Stimulation of SNS to raise BP to maintain perfusion of CNS is called?

A

cushing reflex

25
Q

what is ondines curse?

A

abnormal respiratory patterns

26
Q

the myenteric plexus controls?

A

gut motility- can coordinate peristalsis in intestinal tract that has been removed from the body

27
Q

myenteric plexus excitatory motor neurons release?

A

Ach

substance P

28
Q

myenteric plexus inhibitory motor neurons release?

A

dynorphin

vasoactive intestinal peptide VIP

29
Q

a patient presents with slight ptosis of the left eye, but the right pupil appears dilated compared to the left, they report that left side of face never sweats. thoughts?

A

interruption of the left sympathetic supply to the face

30
Q

what is the condition with interruption of SNS supply to the head?

A

horners syndrome

31
Q

in primary cultures of postganglionic SNS neurons, what inhibits release of norepinephrine?

A

GABA, adenosine, NPY, somatostatin, opiods, PGE, NO, dopamine

32
Q

in primary cultures of postganglionic SNS neurons, what stimulates release of norepinephrine?

A

ACH, epinephrine, Ang II, corticotropin, PACAP

33
Q

with parasympathetic postganglionic fibers, acetylcholine binds to what?

A

muscarinic receptor which effects a G protein

34
Q

with SNS postganglionic fibers, norepinephrine binds to what?

A

alpha or beta receptor which effects a G protein

35
Q

if there is a facilitated spinal segment at T6. what would you expect when 3 kg of pressure is applied to spinous process at T10 which is not in a state of segmental facilitation?

A

exaggerated response in adjacent paraspinal muscles only at T6

36
Q

When pressure was applied to the spinous processes of normal vertebrae, up to 7 Kg of pressure, what response would be elicited?

A

minimal response in the adjacent paraspinal muscles

37
Q

the CNS coordinates host defense activity T or F?

A

true

38
Q

epinephrine has a greater affinity for alpha or beta?

A

beta

39
Q

norepinephrine has a greater affinity for alpha or beta?

A

equal affinity for both

40
Q

what are some symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?

A

partial ptosis
pupillary constriction
anhydrosis
enophthamos

41
Q

what does the submucosal plexus regulate?

A
  • ion and water transport across intestinal epithelium

- glandular secretion

42
Q

the submucosal plexus communicates with what and releases what?

A

communicates with myenteric plexus

releases neuropeptides