Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHTH 521 > Motor control > Flashcards

Motor control Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 motor control disorders?

A
  1. Parkinson’s disease
  2. Huntington’s chorea
  3. Essential tremor
  4. Hemiballism
  5. Tardive dyskinesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parkinson’s pathology suggests _____, ___ and ____ causes.

A

genetic, viral and toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ of focal ______ can also cause PD like symptoms.

A

injury; ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What neurotoxic chemical is toxic in PD?

A

MPTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bradykinesia, mask face and micrographia are part of the characteristic appearance of ____.

A

PD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Parkinsonian _____ is often the first symptom to appear and occurs in ____% of pt’s.

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parkinsonian tremor begins as an alternating flexion/extention contractions of the hand at __-__ Hz, and with disease progression speed increases to __-___ Hz.

A

3-4; 7-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 main symptoms of PD?

A
  1. Resting tremor
  2. Rigidity
  3. Bradykinesia
  4. Postural instability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is cogwheel rigidity?

A

passive movement in PD may be interrupted by brief muscular jerks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

______ = difficulty initiating,g continuing, synchronizing movements interspersed with freezing

A

bradykinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______ = decreased frequency of movements, absence of associated movements

A

hypokinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_______ = most prevalent and crippling symptom, often overlooked

A

akinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Akinesia can affect all ______ muscles.

A

striated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is akinesia and rigidity the same thing?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are three factors of postural abnormalities in PD?

A
  1. Postural fixation
  2. Equilibrium
  3. Difficulty righting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_______ abnormalities = neuroendocrine abnormalities, constipation, urinary retention

A

autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Depression in PD may be helped with what type of therapy?

A

electroconvulsive shock therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cognitive symptoms ______ and progressively _______ with length of disease.

A

fluctuate; worsen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Onset of PD occurs around ___ - ___ years of age.

A

50-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The course of the PD is __-___ years.

A

15-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PD may reduce life expectancy.

A

Not true, because onset is late

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In ___, there is a high degree of variation between individuals and types.

A

PD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

______ is a common co-morbidity in PD.

A

dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

______ is the leading COD in PD.

A

pneumonia

25
Q

Dx of PD is based on presentation of __ of 4 cardinal signs.

A

2

26
Q

One of which 2 cardinal signs of PD must be present in order to make PD Dx?

A
  1. resting tremor

2. bradykinesia

27
Q

What is the drug therapy for PD?

A

L-dopa

28
Q

_____ _____ ______ prevent secondary complications and maintain mobility in PD.

A

Deep brain stimulators

29
Q

___ ____ = progressive, hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal movement, personality disorders and dementia

A

huntingtons disease

30
Q

HD is most often associated with _________ movement that is purposeless, involuntary, brief and random.

A

choreaform

31
Q

Do chloroform movements have a repeating pattern?

A

no

32
Q

HD shows atrophy of _____ and _____ on MRI after early diagnostic stage.

A

caudate; putamen

33
Q

HD tends to progress to be more like PD with increased ________ in end stages.

A

rigidity

34
Q

HD is ________ dominant, with a ___% chance of inheriting the disease if 1 parent is affected.

A

autosomal; 50

35
Q

Onset of HD is ___-___ years, but __% show onset after 50 years.

A

15-40; 25

36
Q

How long is life expectancy in HD after diagnosis?

A

15-20 years

37
Q

What are the 4 factors in HD general management?

A
  1. symptoms management
  2. antipsychotic drugs of limited help
  3. pt safety
  4. nutrition
38
Q

PD = _____ inhibition of the thalamus by the BG via a fault of the _____ motor loop

A

increased; direct

39
Q

HD = ______ inhibition of the thalamus by the BC via a faulty of the _________ motor loop

A

decreased; indirect

40
Q

________ tremor = common neurological disorder usually seen as shaking of hand evoked by voluntary movements

A

essential

41
Q

Are there other neurologic signs in individuals with essential tremor?

A

no

42
Q

Essential tremors can range form mild to debilitating (T/F).

A

TRUE

43
Q

_____ _____ = most frequently seen movement disorder

A

essential tremor

44
Q

When is the most common onset of essential tremor?

A

middle age

45
Q

Essential tremor thought to be genetic in __%

A

50

46
Q

Essential tremor usually seen in people ___+

A

50

47
Q

Essential tremor is associated with increased activity in the _________.

A

thalamus

48
Q

What are two treatment options for people with essential tremors?

A
  1. medication

2. surgery

49
Q

_________ = lesion in the subthalamus

A

hemiballism

50
Q

What are 3 possible causes of hemiballism?

A
  1. vascular
  2. infection
  3. direct injury
51
Q

How long usually does it take hemiballism to heal?

A

6 months - 1 year

52
Q

Hemiballism is characterized by exhausting, ______ movements.

A

violent

53
Q

Rotatory movements seen in hemiballism are usually at _______ joints.

A

proximal

54
Q

Hemiballism can be fatal from injury or inched metabolic demand of activity (T/F).

A

TRUE

55
Q

________ ________ = motor control disorder secondary to use of neuroleptics for control of psychosis

A

tardive dyskinesia

56
Q

TD may occur within hours to months following use of generation ________.

A

neuroleptics

57
Q

TD is generally ___________ .

A

irreversible

58
Q

_____ _____ = random movements in the tongue, lips or jaw as well as facial grimacing, movement of arms, legs, fingers, toes, or even swaying movements of the trunks or hips which disappear during sleep.

A

tardive dyskinesia

PHTH 521 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions