Most missed and info from others Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Most missed and info from others Deck (56)
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1
Q

Cervical spinal roots may descend up to 8 mm in the ______ space and then ascend to exit the _____

A

Subarachnoid; intervertebral foramen

2
Q

The length of the L5/S1 intervertebral foramen is increased beyond the pedicle by the lumbosacral tunnel. The TVP of L5, sacral ala, and the lumbosacral ligaments form the boundaries of the tunnel and provide sources of encroachment for the L5 spinal nerve. This condition is known as?

A

Far out syndrome

3
Q

What conditions can cause destructive lesions on the vertebral bodies which can lead to nerve compression?

A

TB, hemangiomas, osteoporosis

4
Q

What conditions are congenital or acquired alterations of the curvature of the spine which can cause nerve compression?

A

Pregnancy, obesity and the use of heavy backpacks

5
Q

Lateral curves appear after what age?

A

6

6
Q

What is the only significant muscle attaching to accessory processes?

A

Longissimus thoracis pars lumborum

7
Q

Which muscle attaches to the spinous process and lamina of C2?

A

Obliquus capitis inferior

8
Q

Only muscle in cervical spine attaching to vertebral bodies is?

A

Longus colli

9
Q

What was Ossification of PLL originally known as

A

DISH- diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

10
Q

What is polygenic autosomal dominant, near HLA on chromosome 6?

A

Ossification of PLL

11
Q

The capsular ligament is long and loose in _______

And short and tight in _________

A

Cervical and lumbar;

Thoracic

12
Q

What are the degrees of movement of the Atlanto-occipital joint?

A

Flexion/extension- 25 degrees
Side axial rotation- 3-8 degrees
Lateral bend- 5 degrees

13
Q

What are the degrees of movement of the Atlanto-axial joint?

A

Flexion/extension- 20 degrees
Lateral bend- 5 degrees
Axial rotation- 40 degrees

14
Q

What accounts for 60% of axial rotation along the cervical spine?

A

Occipital-atlantal-axial joint complex

15
Q

The distance between the deep and superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments represents the?

A

Spinal cord diameter

16
Q

Which is the strongest of the sacro-iliac ligaments?

A

Interosseous sacro-iliac ligament

17
Q

True ribs =

A

Costa verae = 1-7

18
Q

False ribs =

A

Costa spuriae= 8-12

19
Q

Opthalmic artery and vein do not travel together, where do they travel?

A

Artery- through optic canal

Vein- through superior orbital fissure

20
Q

What structures enter the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN VIII
Motor part of CN VII
Nervus intermedius
Internal auditory artery and vein

21
Q

What are the 3 facial muscles with no attachment to bone?

A

Procerus
Risorius
Orbicularis oris

22
Q

What is not included in any of the 3 layers of the eyeball?

A

Lens

23
Q

Which nerve is the only one with dorsal apparent origin and only nerve to cross over to contralateral side?

A

Trochlear nerve

24
Q

What is the only vascular supply to the retina?

A

Central artery of the retina

25
Q

What is the only cranial sensory nucleus that will contain primary sensory neuron cell bodies?

A

Mesencephalic nucleus

26
Q

The sphincter pupillae constricts but is?

A

Parasympathetic

27
Q

The dilator pupillae dilates but is?

A

Sympathetic

28
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A
CN III
CN IV
CN VI 
Opthalmic division of CN V
Ophthalmic veins
29
Q

What is a bending forward condition?

A

Lordosis- any deviation of a curve toward anterior

30
Q

What is a hunchback condition?

A

Kyphosis- any deviation of a curve toward posterior

31
Q

What is a warped or crooked condition?

A

Scoliosis- abnormal curve

32
Q

What is a decreased anterior curve in the cervical region?

A

Military neck- kyphosis, hypo lordotic

33
Q

What is an increased posterior curve in the thoracic/dorsal region and example of kyphosis?

A

Humpback/ hunchback- hyperkyphotic

34
Q

What is an increased anterior curve in the lumbar region?

A

Swayback- lordosis, hyperlordotic

35
Q

What are the 4 modifications of a synovial joint?

A

Synovial villi
Articular fat pads
Synovial menisci
Intra-articular discs

36
Q

The superficial layer of the ligamentum nuchae is the?

A

Funicular part

37
Q

The deep layer of the ligamentum nuchae is the?

A

Lamellar part

38
Q

How many layers of the supra spinous ligament and where is it best developed?

A

3 layers and best developed in lumbar

39
Q

What are the 3 types of Vera/true sutures?

A

Limbous
Serrate
Denticulate

LSD

40
Q

What are the 2 types of false/notha sutures?

A

Harmonia

Squamous

41
Q

FIB: what specific morphological synovial joint classifications will be observed forming part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramina along the vertebral column?

A

Diarthrosis arthrodia
Diarthrosis ellipsoidal
Diarthrosis trochoid

42
Q

What feature stressed in class is unique about the veins forming the plexuses around and within the vertebrae?

A

No valves

43
Q

Type A synovial cells do what?

A

They are readily phagocytic and eliminate degradation products APE

44
Q

Type B synovial cells do what?

A

Secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid

BPH

45
Q

What allows cartilage to rapidly return to initial volume after compressive force is removed?

A

Elastic property- fast- time independent

46
Q

What implies the cartilage more slowly returns to initial volume once compressive force is removed?

A

Viscoelastic property- slow- time dependent

47
Q

what is the name given to the integration of visual and motor pathways associated with holding the head erect?

A

the righting reflex

48
Q

what is often used to measure the magnitude of scoliosis?

A

the Cobb method

49
Q

identify curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis?

A

right thoracic, females over 6 years old, 12%-21% incidence

50
Q

identify curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

A

right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females, 80% incidence

51
Q

what is now thought to be a major function of the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments?

A

they are proprioceptive transducers for the spinal reflex

52
Q

embryologically, what forms the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament?

A

the notochord

53
Q

what is the age and gender bias associated with ankylosis of the sacro-iliac joint?

A

age 50 and male bias particularly in African American males

54
Q

what are the contents of the foramen lacerum?

A

internal carotid artery
carotid sympathetic nerve plexus
venous plexus

55
Q

what is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?

A

lamina papyracea

56
Q

what are the layers of the eyelid?

A

skin
orbicularis oculi
tarsal plate
palpebra conjunctiva