Molecular Mechanism of Aging Flashcards Preview

MCT Exam 2 > Molecular Mechanism of Aging > Flashcards

Flashcards in Molecular Mechanism of Aging Deck (15)
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1
Q

Better survivorship because…

A

better public health and sanitation;

better medical advances

2
Q

Life expectancy definition

A

median number of people that are expected to survive over an amount of time

3
Q

Life span definition

A

maximal ability of a species to live

4
Q

Life span is largely controlled by genetics…

A

single gene mutations (TOR, Sirtuins);
multiple genes;
increase resistance to lethal injury;
increase ability to respond to nutritional poverty

5
Q

Longevity

A

evolutionary “product”

6
Q

Aging

A

the evolutionary by-product

7
Q

Biological Aging

A

adult life changes in structure and function, leading to decreased reserve capacity and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases and the overall forces of mortality, ultimately leading to death

8
Q

What is the single strongest risk factor for several diseases?

A

Aging

9
Q

Why do we age? (mutation accumulation)

A

mutations producing late life deleterious effects not removed by natural selection

10
Q

Why do we age? (antagonistic pleiotropy)

A

genes with beneficial effect at young age may have deleterious effects at older age

11
Q

Geroscience definition

A

understanding aging and age-related diseases

12
Q

9 Hallmarks of Aging

A
  1. Genomic instability
  2. Telomere attrition
  3. Epigenetic alterations
  4. Loss of proteostasis
  5. Deregulated nutrient sensing
  6. Mitochondrial dysfunction
  7. Cellular senescence
  8. Stem cell exhaustion
  9. Altered intracellular communication
13
Q

Glycosylation

A

non enzymatic attachment of glucose;

Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGE) (protein cross linking, DNA damage)

14
Q

Sirtuins

A

Proteins that are part of the pathway that links nutrient deprivation and aging;
dependent on NAD+

15
Q

Hayflick Limit

A

Senescence phase of cells;

point where they stop dividing