Molecular Biology - Metabolism, Cell respiration and Photosynthesis Flashcards Preview

IB Biology 20 > Molecular Biology - Metabolism, Cell respiration and Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Flashcards in Molecular Biology - Metabolism, Cell respiration and Photosynthesis Deck (41)
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1
Q

Where does the calvin cycle take place?

A

stroma

2
Q

What is the point of regeneration?

A

to create RuB

3
Q

What are the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle?

A

Carbon Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration,

4
Q

What are the 3 fates of pyruvate?

A
  1. Ethanol
  2. Lactate
  3. CoA
5
Q

What is PFK?

A

An enzyme,

6
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O2

7
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

Cytosol, mitochondria

8
Q

What do you have to add to atp to get the bond to break?

A

Water

9
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

Nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate

10
Q

What are the 5 nitrogenous bases?

A
Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine
Uracil
11
Q

What enzyme uses ATP to make energy?

A

ATPase

12
Q

Using redox reactions, what does it need to make ATP?

A

Glucose, Oxygen,

13
Q

What are coenzymes?

A

electron carriers, NAD+ (can accept 1 proton, 2 electrons), FAD (2 protons, 2 electrons)

14
Q

What is an inhibitor?

A

Competitive inhibitor fills enzyme, Non-Competitive changes allosteric site

15
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytosol

16
Q

How many ATP does Glycolysis make?

A

4

17
Q

How many ATP are made in the electron transport chain?

A

34

18
Q

What are the 2 phases of glycolysis?

A

Energy investment, energy payoff,

19
Q

What is the cyclic electron flow?

A

There is enough NADPH in the cell, so instead it makes ATP in the electron transport chain

20
Q

What are the 3 phases of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, Electron transport chain,

21
Q

What is the final product of glycolysis?

A

pyruvate

22
Q

What is the point of the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Create FAD, NADH and CO2

23
Q

What are the two main products of the electron transport chain?

A

ATP, Water,

24
Q

What is the coenzyme / electron carrier for glycolysis?

A

NAD+

25
Q

How many ATP gets made in energy investment?

A

2

26
Q

How many ATP gets made in energy payoff?

A

4

27
Q

What is PFK for?

A

an enzyme, inhibited by citric acid and ATP

28
Q

What do you need PFK for?

A

Glycolysis

29
Q

What are the isomers during glycolysis?

A

PGAL

30
Q

What is an isomer?

A

same chemical formula, look different

31
Q

What is the role of DHAP?

A

Slow reaction, can rearrange into PGAL

32
Q

What is the role of PGAL?

A

intermediate step

33
Q

What is the intermediate step?

A

Rearranges pyruvate into acetyl coA

34
Q

What is Acetyl coA?

A

coenzyme a

35
Q

What is substrate level phosphorylation

A

ATP production

36
Q

What is phosphorylation?

A

adding a phosphate

37
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

ATP synthase spinny thing

38
Q

What is the net gain from glycolysis?

A

net 2 ATP

39
Q

What are the 5 regulators of glycolysis?

A
Activity of enzymes
pH
concentration
location of enzyme
reaction coupling
40
Q

What is reaction coupling?

A

Sugar is oxidized, electron and hydrogen is coupled to NAD+ -> NADH

41
Q

What is ATP?

A

adenine triphosphate