Includes a randomized control and experimental group
Randomized control trials
One or more groups of similar subjects are followed over a period of time to see whether differences develop based on exposure to another variable
Cohort study
Compares a few individuals with similar individual presentations or outcomes
Case series studies
Analyze multiple studies already performed in a subject area
Systemic Review
Compare the same variable studied in many articles
Meta-analyses
Provides an in-depth investigation of an individual, group, or institution
Individual case study
Subjects for a study with similar conditions studied retroactively to determine whether common factors predisposed them to the condition.
Case control study
Reliability
Supports the consistency of responses in what is being measured.
Validity
When the measurement tool is accurately measuring what is supposed to be measured.
Inter-rater Reliability
Consistency in results with data collection between clinicians.
Intra-rater Reliability
Consistency of responses from one clinician taken at multiple times.
Probability
The likelihood that the results of a study could have occurred by chance.
Standard deviation
The amount by which scores vary from the mean
Confidence interval
The probability that a true score for a variable lies between a certain range of scores
Sensitivity
The tests ability to identify people WITH a certain condition
Specificity
The tests ability to identify people WITH OUT a certain condition
Which type of evidence is the strongest?
Systemic Review
Which of the following would be the best source to go to find a consolidation of practice recommendations for a condition, based on current evidence and research available?
Clinical Practice Guideline
What year did the first colleges admit PTA students?
1967
What 2 major events influenced the development of the profession of physical therapy?
The polio epidemic and World War 1
Who was the first president of the American Physical Therapy Association?
Mary McMillan
Applies standards that assure continuous improvement with entry-level preparation of physical therapists and physical therapist assistants.
CAPTE (Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education)
A body that represents PTA interests, needs and issues in APTA Governance
PTA Caucus
Highest policy-making body of the APTA
House of Delegates
National conference for students in physical therapy
National student conclave
Encourages and facilitates APTA member participation in the political process
PT-PAC (Physical Therapy Political Action Committee)
What is Vision 2020?
Vision 2020 is a plan that was created by the APTA House of Delegates in 2000 to improve the physical therapy profession.
What are the 6 elements of vision 2020?
Direct Access, Evidence-based practice, Doctoring practice, Autonomous practice, Professionalism, and Practitioner of choice.
Summarize the APTA Vision Statement for Physical Therapy
the APTA Vision Statement for Physical Therapy means that changing the physical therapy community by improving patient movements and health will better their own lifestyles.
When does the Maryland Board of Physical Therapy meet?
3rd Tuesday of every month
List 4 duties of the Maryland State Board of Physical Therapy Examiners
Writing regulations, interpreting the scope of practice, educating licensees, and disciplining those who violate the law.
Give an example of an “open question”
“Where is your pain today?” (Requires the patient to give an answer that is more than one word)
Give an example of a “closed question”
“Do you have pain today?” (allows the patient to answer with a yes or no)
List 3 forms of nonverbal communication
Appearance, Body position, and Facial Expressions
Rewrite the following using “people first” language:
It is a fund-raiser for the mentally retarded.
It is a fund-raiser for those with intellectual, cognitive, developmental disabilities.
Rewrite the following using “people first” language:
The blind man came in last place.
The man who has visual impairments came in last place.
Rewrite the following using “people first” language:
Confined to a wheelchair.
Uses a wheelchair
Re-write the following statement using “people first” language:
Stricken with Lou Gehrig’s disease.
A person who has Lou Gehrig’s disease
Nosocomial infection
An infection that originates in a hospital
What are the five elements in the cycle of infection?
Reservoir, exit, transmission, infection, susception
Describe the purpose of standard precautions
A system of infection control that is taken with all patients regardless of their diagnosis or infection status
According to Standard Precautions for contact transmission, what protocol is used for items that are removed from the patient’s room?
Patient care items (eg. Thermometer, stethoscope, blood pressure cuff) should remain in the room. If any item has to be removed, it must be disinfected and or placed in a bag labeled “biohazard”.
Surgical Asepsis
Practices that render and keep objects and areas free of all microorganisms, preventing the spread of infection to a patient
What is the proper clothing application sequence for aseptic isolation?
Gown, Mask, Goggles, Gloves
What are the most common modes of transmission of pathogenic microorganisms?
Contact, Droplet, Airborne
Give example of diseases that are commonly transmitted through contact.
Herpes simplex virus, staphylococcus aureus, VRE and C-Diff
Which areas of the side-lying patient are at greatest risk for pressure sores
Lateral ears, lateral ribs, greater trochanters, humeral epicondyles
Which area of pillow placement is most likely to contribute to a contracture of the hamstring muscles in prone position?
Anterior to the ankles
Which areas of a prone patient are at greatest risk for pressure sores?
Acromion processes, forehead, crests of the tibias, dorsum of the feet
In general, how frequently should a dependent patient’s position be changed?
At least every 2 hours
Which areas are especially prone to pressure sores in a patient who is wheelchair dependent?
Ischial tuberosities and olecranon processes
What is a potential effect of the placement of a small bolster behind the knees of a supine patient?
Iliopsoas and hamstring contractures
Which areas of a supine patient are at greatest risk for pressure sores?
Occipital tuberosity, spines of the scapula, sacrum, heels
Isometric Contractions
A muscle contraction with no visible joint movement
Give an example of an isometric contraction
Quad set
Isotonic Contractions
A muscle contraction that with visual joint movements
During what muscle contraction do muscle fibers shorten?
Concentric Contraction
During what muscle contraction do muscle fibers lengthen?
Eccentric Contraction
Trunk rotation occurs in which of the following planes of motion?
Transverse Plane
Shoulder flexion occurs in which of the following planes?
Sagittal Plane
Hip abduction occurs in which of the following planes?
Frontal Plane
Which muscle contraction describes a controlled and consistent speed of contraction?
Isokinetic