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BMTCP EMT > Mod 4 > Flashcards

Mod 4 Flashcards

1
Q

aspirin

A

medication used to reduced the clotting ability of blood

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2
Q

atomizer

A

device attached to the end of syringe that atomizes blood

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3
Q

contraindications

A

specific signs or circumstances under which it is not appropriate and may be harmful to administer a drug to a patient

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4
Q

enteral

A

referring to a route of medication administration that uses the gastrointestinal tract, such as swallowing a pill

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5
Q

epinephrine

A

a drug that helps to constrict the blood vessels and relax passages of the airway. may be used to counter a severe allergic reaction.

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6
Q

indications

A

specific signs or circumstances under which it is appropriate to administer a drug to a patient

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7
Q

inhaler

A

a spray device with a mouthpiece that contains an aerosol form of a medication that a patient can spray into their airway

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8
Q

nitroglycerin

A

a drug that helps to dilate the coronary vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood

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9
Q

oral glucose

A

a form of glucose given by mouth to treat an awake patient with an altered mental status and history of diabetes

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10
Q

glucose

A

a kind of sugar

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11
Q

oxygen

A

a gas commonly found in the atmosphere. used as a medication to treat a patient who may be hypoxic or low in oxygen

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12
Q

parentarel

A

referring to a route of medication that does not use the gastrointestinal tract, such as an n medication

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13
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

the study of the effects of medication on the body

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14
Q

pharmacology

A

the study of drugs, their sources, their characteristics, and their effects

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15
Q

side effect

A

any action to a drug other than the desired action

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16
Q

untoward effect

A

an effect of a medication in addition to its desired effect that be potentially harmful to the patient

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17
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

constriction or blockage of the bronchi that leads from the trachea to the lungs

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18
Q

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

a form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) consisting of a mask and means of blowing oxygen or air into the mask to prevent airway collapse or to help alleviate dificulty breathing

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19
Q

exhalation

A

another term for expiration

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20
Q

expiration

A

a passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and force air from the lungs) (breathe out)

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21
Q

inhalation

A

another term for inspiration

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22
Q

inspiration

A

an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs

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23
Q

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A

a blanket term used to represent any symptoms related to lack of oxygen (ischemia) in the heart muscle. also called cardiac compromise.

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24
Q

acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

A

the condition in which a portion of the myocardium dies as a result of oxygen starvation; often called a heart attack by laypersons

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25
Q

agonal breathing

A

irregular, gasping breaths that preceed apnea and death

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26
Q

aneurysm

A

the dilation, or ballooning, of a weakened section of the wall of an artery

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27
Q

angina pectoris

A

pain in the chest occurring when blood supply to the heart is reduced and a portion of the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen

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28
Q

apnea

A

no breathing

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29
Q

asystole

A

a condition in which the heart has ceased generating electrical impulses. commonly called flatline

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30
Q

bradycardia

A

when the heart rates is slow, usually less than 60 beats per minute

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31
Q

cardiac compromise

A

see acute coronary syndrome

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32
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

actions taken to revive a person by keeping the person’s heart and lungs working

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33
Q

cardiovascular system

A

the heart and the blood vessels

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34
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

the failure of the heart to pump efficiently, leading to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs, the body, or both

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35
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

disease that affect the arteries of the heart

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36
Q

defribilation

A

delivery of an electrical shock to stop fibrillation of heart muscles and restore a normal heart rythm

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37
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath; labored or difficult breathing

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38
Q

dysrythmia

A

a disturbance in heart rate or rythym

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39
Q

edema

A

swelling resulting from a build up of fluid in the tissue

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40
Q

embolism

A

blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material brought to the site by the blood current

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41
Q

nitroglycerin

A

a medication that dilates the blood vessels

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42
Q

occlusion

A

blockage, as of an artery, by fatty deposits

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43
Q

pedal edema

A

accumulation of fluid in the feet or ankles

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44
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of fluids in the lungs

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45
Q

pulseless electrical activity (PEA)

A

a condition in which the heart’s electrical rhythm remains relatively normal, yet the mechanical pumping activity fails to follow the electrical activity causing cardiac arrest

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46
Q

sudden death

A

a cardiac arrest the occurs within 2 hours of the onset of symptoms. the patient may have no prior symptoms of coronary artery disease

47
Q

tachycardia

A

when the heart rate is fast, usually more than 100 bpm

48
Q

thrombus

A

a clot formed of blood and plaque attached to the inner wall of an artery or vein

49
Q

ventricular fibrillation (VF)

A

a condition in which the heart’s electrical impulses are disorganized, preventing the heart muscle from contracting normally

50
Q

ventricular tachycardia (V-tach)

A

a condition in which the heart beat is quite rapid, if rapid enough, ventricular tachycardia will not allow the heart’s chambers to fill with enough blood between beats to produce blood flow sufficient to meet the body’s needs

51
Q

aura

A

a sensation experienced by a seizure patient right before the seizure, which might be a smell, sound, or general feeling

52
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

also called sugar diabetes or just diabetes, the condition brought about by decreased insulin production or the inability of the body cells to use insulin properly. person with this condition is a diabetic

53
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

a condition that occurs as the result of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), characterized by dehydration, altered mental status, and shock

54
Q

epilepsy

A

a medical condition that causes seizures

55
Q

generalized seizure

A

a seizure that affects both sides of the brain

56
Q

glucose

A

a form of sugar, the body’s basic source of energy

57
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar

58
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood sugar

59
Q

insulin

A

a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics

60
Q

partial seizure

A

a seizure affects only one part or one side of the brain

61
Q

postictal phase

A

the period of time immediately following a tonic-clonic seizure in which the patient goes from full loss of consciousness to mental status

62
Q

reticular activating system (RAS)

A

series of neurologic circuits in the brain that control the functions of staying awake, paying attention, and sleeping

63
Q

seizure

A

a sudden change in sensation, behavior, or movement. the most severe of seizure produces violent muscle contractions called convulsions

64
Q

sepsis

A

infection, especially severe, systemwide response to infection

65
Q

status epilepticus

A

a prolonged seizure or situation when a person suffers two or more convulsive seizures without regaining full consiousness

66
Q

stroke

A

a condition of altered function caused when an artery in the brain is blocked or ruptured, disrupting the supply of oxygenated or causing bleeding into the brain. formerly called a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

67
Q

syncope

A

fainting

68
Q

tonic-clonic

A

a generalized seizure in which the patient loses consciousness and has jerking movements of paired muscle groups

69
Q

allergen

A

something that causes an allergic reaction

70
Q

allergic reaction

A

an exaggerated immune response

71
Q

anaphylaxis

A

a severe or life-threatening allergic reaction in which the blood vessels dilate, causing a drop in blood pressure, and the tissues lining the respiratory system swell, interfering with the airway. also called anaphylactic shock

72
Q

auto-injector

A

a syringe preloaded with medication that has a spring-loaded device that pushes the needle through the skin when the tip of the device is pressed firmly against the body

73
Q

epinephrine

A

a hormone produced by the body. as a medication, it constricts blood vessels and dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe alllergic reactions

74
Q

hives

A

red, itchy, possibly raised blotches on the skin that often result from allergic reactions

75
Q

absorbed posions

A

poisons that are taken into the body through unbroken skin

76
Q

activated charcoal

A

a substance that absorbs many poisons and prevents them from being absorbed by the body

77
Q

antidote

A

a substance that will neutralize the poison or its affects

78
Q

delirium tremens (DTs)

A

a severe reaction that can be part of alcohol withdrawal, characterized by sweating, trembling, anxiety, and hallucinations. severe alcohol with the DTs can lead to death if untreated

79
Q

dilution

A

thinning down or weakening by mixing with something else. ingested poisons are sometimes diluted by drinking water or milk

80
Q

downers

A

depressants, such as barbiturates, that depress the central nervous system, which are often used to bring on a more relaxed state of mind.

81
Q

hallucinogens

A

mind-affecting or mind-altering drugs that act on the central nervous system to produce excitement and distortion of perceptions

82
Q

ingested posions

A

poisons that are swallowed

83
Q

inhaled poisons

A

poisons that are breathed in

84
Q

injected poisons

A

poisons that are inserted through the skin, for example, by needle, snake fangs, or insect stinger

85
Q

narcotics

A

a class of drugs that affect the nervous system and change many normal body activities. their legal use is for the relief of pain. illicit use is to produce an intense state of relaxation

86
Q

poison

A

any substance that can harm the body by altering cell structure or functions

87
Q

toxin

A

a poisonous substance secreted by bacteria, plants, or animals

88
Q

uppers

A

stimulants such as amphetamines that affect the central nervous system to excite the user

89
Q

volatile chemicals

A

vaporizing compounds, such as cleaning fluid, that are breathed in by the abuser to produce a “high”

90
Q

withdrawal

A

referring to alcohol or drug withdrawal in which the patients body reacts severely when deprived of the abused substance

91
Q

parietal pain

A

a localized, intense pain that arises from the parietal peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity

92
Q

peritoneum

A

the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity (the parietal peritoneum) and covers the organs within it (the visceral peritoneum

93
Q

referred pain

A

pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates

94
Q

retroperitoneal space

A

the are posterior to the peritoneum, between the peritoneum and the back

95
Q

tearing pain

A

sharp pain that feels as if body tissues are being torn apart

96
Q

visceral pain

A

a poorly localized, dull, or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs, or viscera

97
Q

behavior

A

the manner in which the person acts

98
Q

behavioral emergency

A

when a patients behavior is not typical for the situation; when the patient’s behavior is unacceptable or intolerable to the patients, his family, or the community; or when the patient may harm himself or others

99
Q

excited delirium

A

bizarre and/or aggressive behavior, shouting, paranoia, panic, violence toward others, insensitivity to pain, unexpected physical strength, hyperthermia, usually associated with cocaine or amphetamine use. also called agitated delirium

100
Q

positional asphyxia

A

inadequate breathing or respiratory arrest caused by a body position that restricts breathing

101
Q

anemia

A

lack of a normal number of red blood cells in the circulation

102
Q

coagulopathy

A

loss of the normal ability to form a blood clot with internal or external bleeding

103
Q

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

A

a gravity exchange process for peritoneal dialysis in which a bag of dialysis fluid is raised above the level of an abdominal catheter to fill the abdominal cavity and lowered below he level of the abdominal catheter to drain the fluid out

104
Q

continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis (CCPD)

A

a mechanical process for peritoneal dialysis in which a machine fills and empties the abdominal cavity of dialysis solution

105
Q

dialysis

A

the process by which toxins and excess fluid are removed from the body by a medical system independent of the kidneys

106
Q

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A

irreversible renal failure to the extent that the kidneys can no longer provide adequate filtration and fluid balance to sustain life; survival with ESRD usually requires dialysis

107
Q

exchange

A

one cycle of filling and draining the peritoneal cavity in peritoneal dialysis

108
Q

peritonitis

A

bacterial infection within the peritoneal cavity

109
Q

pyelonephritis

A

an infection that begins in the urinary tract and ascends up the ureter into the kidney

110
Q

renal failure

A

loss of the kidneys’ ability to filter the blood and remove toxins and excess fluids from the body

111
Q

sickle cell anemia (SCA)

A

an inherited disease in which a genetic defect in the hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood cells

112
Q

thrill

A

a vibration felt on the gentle palpation, such as that which typically occurs within an arterial-venous fistula

113
Q

urinary catheter

A

a drainage tube placed into the urinary system to allow the flow of urine out of the body

114
Q

adequate breathing

A

breathing sufficient to support life

BMTCP EMT (5 decks)

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