Miscellaneous

Question 0

explain merkel’s disks?

Answer 0

dome structure on top of an axon terminal
located in the epidermis/dermis boundary
detects shape, form, texture and rough edges

Question 1

explain ruffini’s endings?

Answer 1

nerve terminal intertwined with collagen fibres
located deep in the dermis
detects identation, stretch and lateral movements of the skin

Question 2

explain meissner’s corpuscles?

Answer 2

looping axonal terminal intertwined with supporting cells
located just below the epidermis
detects 30-50Hz
detects rough texture and movements

Question 3

explain pacinian’s corpuscles?

Answer 3

sensory axon surrounded by fluid filled capsules
located deep in the dermis
detects vibrations of 250-350Hz
detects fine texture and movements

Question 4

what are phased neurons ?

Answer 4

fire a burst of activity and then shut down

Question 5

what are tonic neurons?

Answer 5

fire constantly

Question 6

what are accommodating neurons ?

Answer 6

initially fire rapidly but then get slower and slower until the stop firing

Question 7

what are spontaneous active bursting neurons?

Answer 7

pacemaker neurons which dont require external stimulus

oscillate without external input and shut down automatically

Question 8

what is the affective aggression pathway of serotonin?

Answer 8

basolateral nuclei of the amygdala
to lateral hypothalamus
to PAG

Question 9

what is the predatory aggression pathway of serotonin?

Answer 9

corticomedial nuclei of the amygdala
to lateral hypothalamus
to ventral tegmentum

Question 10

what does the utricle detect ?

Answer 10

linear acceleration

Question 11

what happens when the otolithic membrane moves?

Answer 11

activates the utricle and saccule

Question 12

what happens to movements when the activity in the direct pathway in the basal ganglia is increased ?

Answer 12

increases likelihood of movement

Question 13

what happens to movements when the indirect pathway is activated in the basal ganglia?

Answer 13

decreases likelihood of movements

Question 14

what happens when dopamine is released in the striatum ?

Answer 14

increases movement

activates the direct pathway and inhibits the indirect pathway

Question 15

what happens when the VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus are activated ?

Answer 15

it increases movement

Question 16

what are thee 5 cell types in the cerebellar cortex ?

Answer 16

purkinje cells 
granule cells 
golgi cells
basket cells 
stellate cells

Question 17

what cells of the cerebellar cortex actually leave the cerebellum ?

Answer 17

purkinje cells are the only ones that have axons to leave the cortex

Question 18

what cells of the cerebellar cortex are excitatory ?

Answer 18

only the granule cells

Question 19

what cells of the cerebellar cortex dont interact with the purkinje cells ?

Answer 19

only the golgi cells

Question 20

what are the parallel fibres ?

Answer 20

axons of the granule cells

Question 21

explain the pyramidal tract/corticospinal tract?

Answer 21

passes through internal capsule
decussates within the medullary pyramids
has the majority of axons in the lateral portion
axons which dont decussate travel in the anterior portion