Midterm III: CNs X-XII (Ben) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Midterm III: CNs X-XII (Ben) Deck (25)
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1
Q

What 5 nuclei are associated with the vagus nerve (CN X)?

What kind fibers does each contribute to CN X?

A
  1. Ambiguus - BM, SVM
  2. Dorsal Vagal - GVM
  3. Solitary - SVS
  4. Lateral Ala Cinerea - GVS
  5. Spinal Trigeminal - GSS
2
Q

What is the brain exit of CN X?

Dural exit?

Skull exit?

A

brain - lateral parolivary sulcus

dural - jugular foramen

skull - jugular foramen

3
Q

Where do the vagus nerve’s general visceromotor (parasympathetic) fibers originate?

And end?

A

Dorsal Vagal Nucleus (GVM)

End in:

  • Meissner’s/Auerbach’s Plexuses - intramural ganglia of GI tract
  • Prevertebral Ganglia - for thoracic organs
4
Q

Where do CN X’s branchiomotor (AKA special visceromotor) fibers originate?

Where do they synapse (generally)?

A

Nucleus Ambiguus

  • synapse directly on target muscles… no ganglion
5
Q

Where do CN X’s general somatosensory fibers originate?

Where is their ganglion/cell body?

On what nucleus do they end?

A

Origin - Outer ear + Posterior Dura

Ganglion - Superior (Jugular) Ganglion of CN X

Termination - Spinal Trigeminal Tract

6
Q

Where do CN X’s special viscerosensory fibers originate?

What is their ganglion/cell body?

On what nucleus do they end?

A

Origin - Epiglottis Taste Buds

Ganglion - Inferior (Nodose) Ganglion of CN X

End - Solitary Nucleus

7
Q

On what nucleus do CN X’s general viscerosensory fibers terminate?

What is their ganglion/cell body?

A

Lateral Ala Cinerea

  • Inferior (Nodose) Ganglion of CN X
8
Q

What organs receive general viscerosensory innervation from CN X?

A
  • Lower Pharyngeal Mucosa
  • Laryngeal Mucosa
  • Baro-/Chemoreceptors of Aorta + Carotid
  • Thoracic + Abdominal Viscera
9
Q

What are the 2 sensory ganglia of the vagus nerve near its exit from the skull?

What fiber types have their perikarya in these ganglia?

A
  1. Superior (Jugular) Ganglion
    • ​​​​__GSS fibers
    • protopathic from posterior dura + external ear to spinal trigeminal nucleus
  2. Inferior (Nodose) Ganglion
    • ​​SVS** + **GVS fibers
    • taste to solitary nucleus
    • visceral sensation to lateral ala cinerea
10
Q

What 2 branches does the vagus nerve give off to innervate structures of the head?

A
  1. Meningeal Branch - posterior dura
  2. Auricular Branch - external acoustic meatus + parts of pinna (joined by CN VII + IX)
11
Q

What 4 sets of branches does the vagus give off in the neck?

A
  1. Pharyngeal Branches​​
  2. Superior Laryngeal Nerve
  3. Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
  4. Cardiac Branches
    • ​​Superior + Inferior Cervical Cardiac Branches
12
Q

What do the pharyngeal branches of the vagus innervate?

A
  • Sensory - lower pharynx + epiglottis
  • Taste - epiglottis
  • Motor - soft palate + pharyngeal muscles
13
Q

What specific muscles are innervated by pharyngeal branches of the vagus?

(maybe not so important for midterm III, but for semi-final)

A
  • Lower 1/2 Middle Pharyngeal Constrictors
  • Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictors
  • Palatopharyngeus
  • Salpingopharyngeus
  • Palatoglossus
  • Levator Veli Palatini

MC.IC.Pp.Sp.Pg.LVP

14
Q

What are the 2 branches of the superior laryngeal nerve (and their innervated organs)?

A
  1. Internal Laryngeal Nerve
    • mucus membrane of larynx above vocal folds
  2. External Laryngeal Nerve
    • cricothyroid muscle
15
Q

What are the 3 branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

(What do they innervate?)

A
  1. Esophageal Branches
  2. Tracheal Branches
  3. Inferior Laryngeal Nerve
    • mucosa of larynx below vocal fold
    • all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid
16
Q

What are the 3 important sets of thoracic branches of the vagus?

A
  1. Thoracic Cardiac Branches
  2. Esophageal Branches
  3. Pulmonary Branches
17
Q

How do the positions of the vagal nerves change as they descend along the “rotated” stomach?

A

Anterior Vagal Trunk - comes from left vagus

Posterior Vagal Trunk - comes from right vagus

18
Q

What are the important 4 abdominal branches/groups of nerves coming from the vagal trunks?

A
  1. Gastric Branches
  2. Celiac Branches - celiac plexus
  3. Hepatic/Pyloric/Gall Bladder Branches - hepatic plexus in lesser omentum
  4. Nerves for Small and Large Intestines - up to left colic flexure
19
Q

What are the 2 nuclei associated with the accessory nerve?

What type of nuclei are they?

A
  1. Nucleus Ambiguus - BM
  2. Spinal Accessory Nucleus - SM
20
Q

Where is the spinal accessory nucleus of the accessory nerve?

A

in the lateral anterior horn of the spinal cord from C1-C5

21
Q

What are the two roots of the accessory nerve?

Where do they unite?

Where do they separate?

A
  1. Cranial Root
  2. Spinal Root
  • unite in the posterior cranial fossa
  • separate upon entering the jugular foramen
22
Q

What does the spinal root of the accessory nerve innervate?

A
  1. Sternocleidomastoid
  2. Trapezius
23
Q

What does the cranial root of the accessory nerve innervate?

A

Via joining the vagus nerve…

  1. All laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid
  2. Pharyngeal muscles
24
Q

What is the nucleus of CN XII?

What type of nucleus is it?

Where is it?

A

Hypoglossal Nucleus

  • somatomotor
  • in the hypoglossal trigone of the medulla
25
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

Two things it innervates are supplied by a special nerve structure to which CN XII contributes.

What is this structure?

A
  • Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue
  • Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue (except palatoglossus)
  • Geniohyoid + Thyrohyoid
    • via deep cervical ansa