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POL 147A > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

The Schuman Declaration

A

1) Robert Schuman 1950
2) outlined intent to create peace bt Fr and Ger through integration of economic sectors
3) formed basis for European Steel and Coal Community

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2
Q

Treaty of paris

A

1) 1951, created ECSC
2) sig bc states surrendering sov to international org
3) Little 6 - Fr, Ger, Ita, BENELUX
4) intertwined steel and coal industries
5) opposed by nationalists and socialists, including De Gualle

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3
Q

Potsdam Conference

A

1) 1945, Meeting between UK, USA, USSR (de gaulle hated by truman)
2) oultlind goals for rebuilding Europe
3) 5 d”s
- demilitarization
- democratization
- decartelization
- denazification
- decentralizaiton
3) US interests - fight in pacific, stop communism
4) rebuilding germany, war crime trials

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4
Q

German Division and Recovery

A

1) ALlies build democracy in W Europe
- Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) - Konrad ADENAUER
- drafting of german basic law
2) USSR build communist regime in East
- German Democratic Republlic (GDR)
3) Berlin divided
4) West grew rapidly under the Marshall Plan - social market economy

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5
Q

The Marshall Plan

A

1) US spending to create econ recovery in Europe
2) offered to all, refused by Soviets
3) saw econ miracle in w europe
- UK Post war settlement (concessions to labour parties, , conservative for pol.
-France’s mixed market economy - 4.6%
- Italy’s govt capitalism - 5.8%
Germany’s social market econ - 7.8%

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6
Q

The German Basic Law

A

1) landers of FGR commanded by allies to create const
2) formed Basic law
3) based on Weimar Const w/ imp changes
- human rights, equality, peace
4) nto technically a const
- never ratified by people
- Ger divided

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7
Q

The French COnst

A

1) deisgned by Provisional Government of French Republic (GPFR)
2) first draft voted agaisnt by people, second draft adopted 1946
3) De Gualle resign - when his version failed
4) broke ddown in Algerian crisis 1958 - back to de gaullle

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8
Q

The Italian Const

A

1) 1947 made ita a republic, transition from monarchy
2) designed by constituent assembly of italy, elected in 1946
3) abnti-fascists
4) Enrique De NIcola elected president
5) equality,e xtended rights to women

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9
Q

Treaty of Rome (1957)

A

1) created European Economic Community (EEC) and European Atomic Energy community (EURAtom)
2) created instittutions - court of justice, council of ministers

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10
Q

Treaty of European Union (Maastricht)

A

1) 1992 - fromed European Union
2) outlined 3 stage plam for econ/monetary integration
- the Euro
- the single market

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11
Q

Single Currency, treaty?

A

1) 1999
2) created Eurozone and the Euro
3) benefits of euro
- no exchange
- price comparisons and stabiity
4) drawbacks of euro
- surrendering sov
- subject to fiscal policy of EU members (ger vs greece)

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12
Q

The European Free Trade Association

A

1) 1960 first time Eu makes trade deal with outside members
2) Outer 7 - UK, AUS, PRT, NRW, SWD, SWZ, DEN
- eliminated custom barriers (except ag and fish)
3) not dictated trading partners (as in EU)

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13
Q

The Schengen Agreement

A

1) 1985 - created free movement of peoples within the Schnegen Zone
2) elimanted border checks (cna be reintroduced briefly)

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14
Q

The Single European Act

A

1) 1987 - outlined intent to create a single european market
2) the euro, schengen agreement
3) rial the market influence of china and us on global economy
4) four freedoms of euro common market (basis)
- free movement of peeps
- of goods
- of services
- of capital

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15
Q

EU Institutions

A

1) EU Parliament - shares budgetary/leg powwer with council. appoints Commission,, Council of MInisters
2) European Council (rep nat govts - heads of state)
3) Council of ministers - rep national govts / ints
4) European Commission - represent the common interests of the EU

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16
Q

European Parliament

A

1) elected by universal suffrage every 5 years
2) acts w/ council to enact leg
3) legislative work
“co-decision, agree with commission
- passage by qualified majority
- if disagreee twice goes to conciliation committee
“assent” procedure
- ratify EU international agreements, including enlargement
shared budgetary resp w/ council - if reject proposla processs restarts, sig influence
4) Can dismiss the comission

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17
Q

The European Council

A

1) heads of state of EU member states
2) rep national govts
3) sets common security and foreign policy

18
Q

The Council of Ministers

A

1) 1 miinister from a member country on a given issue
2) make new laws
3) shared resp w/ E.P.
4) unanimous agreement on tacation, EU enlargement, treaty alter
5) qualified majority - almost everything else

19
Q

The European Commission

A

1) alone has right to draw up proposals for new EU legislation
2) answerable/appointed to/by Euro Parliament
3) current prez: Jean Claude Junker
4) independent of national govts
5) Implements/ manages policy (executive resp)

20
Q

Enlargement process

A

1) requires unanimous agreement by EU member states
2) eu must have needed resources
3) country must pass and implement all EU legslation
4) must be fully democratic, have stable pol inst, and meet econ criteria - convergence criteria

21
Q

German Reunification

A

1) berlin wall fell in 1989 by mistake
2) german reunificaiton led by Helmut Kohl
3) formally united Oct 1990

22
Q

The euro

A

1) treaty of maastrict 1991
2) beign a eurozone county (can be in EU and not eurozone)
- covnergence criteria
a) price stability (low infaltion)
b) interest rates (low and stable)
c) defecits (low)
d) public debt *low)
e) stability of exchange rates

23
Q

2008 Financial Crisis

A

1) amassed public debt
2) countries like greece struggled under debt
3) germany - proactive stance, bailouts
4) solution: tie some fical policy to eurozone

24
Q

The Refugee Crisis

A

1) Arab spring and wars in the Middle East displaced millions
2) med flooded with migrants
3) German “open arms” policy
4) turkey’s rule
5) criticism from left and right
6) Dublin Policy
- any asylym seeker that reaches a country is allowed anf govt must consider application

25
Q

Brexit

A

1) 1975 referndum voted yes on 1973 decision to join the EU
2) 1990s - euroskeptic forces on the rise
3) PM David Cameron unite conservatives to win the election, position was stay
4) UKIP won a majority of European parliament seats in 2014 election, taking control of brit pub polic
5) skeptics strengthend with euro and migrnat crisis
6) 2016 referedum - voted to leave, but close

26
Q

Democratic Institutions

A

1) Parliamentary system of democracy
2) Presidential system of democracy
3) semi-presidentialism
- president parliamentary
- premier presidential - France

27
Q

parliamentary democracy

A

1) electorate elects leg
2) leg gives confidence to executive / Prime Minister
3) most W. Euro countries are parliamentary systems
4) PM subject to dismissal by leg
5) ex. Germany, Greece

28
Q

Forming the governemnt

A

1) single party majority
2) single party minotiry
3) Multiparty Coaliton
- minimum - winning coalition
- oversized coalition
- minority coalition

29
Q

Semi presidentialism - premier presidential

A

1) major player: France
2) Charles De Gualle - executive above day to day politics == new cost
3) Duveger (1980)
- president elected by universal suffrage
- prez has considerable powers
- premier/cabinet subject to parliamentary review

30
Q

Semi presidentialsim - president parliament

A

1) russia
2) prez has large powers over parliament
- can dismiss at any time

31
Q

Presidential Powers

A

1) legislative powers
a) veto (partial vs full)
b) decree
c) budgetary powers
d) referenda
e) intro leg
2) non leg powers
a) cab selectino
b) cab dismissal
c) censure
d) dissolution

32
Q

Perils of Presidentialism

A

1) Linz 1994
2) fixed terms
3) winner take sall politics
4) dual democratic legitimacy

33
Q

Electoral Institutions

A

1) Single member Districts with Plurality rule (UK)
2) single member districts with majority rule (France)
3) proportional rep - almost everyone else
4) Mixed-member states (Germany)

34
Q

Single Member District Plurality (SMDP)

A

1) First past the post (FPTP)
2) candidate needs more than any other to win
3) simple, creates small no. of parties and candidates

35
Q

Single Member District Majority

A

1) candidate needs majorit y >50% to win.
2) if no majority then second round
3) various thresholds for second round - France National assembly need 12.5%, top 2 for prez

36
Q

Proportional Representation

A

1) district meangitude is greater than 1 (varies from 2 to the size of the assembly 150 in NED)
2) ) two major variations
a) Closed-list PR –Voters cannot affect the order of the candidates (party presnets lists)
b) open-list PR - votersz can vote for spec candidates adn rank preferences on party lists
- gives politicians more incentive to deviate from the party

37
Q

Mixed-Member System

A

1) germany
2) single member and proportional system
3) group of members elected by own district , others by larger district
4) allows balancing of number of parties wiwth local rep and national rep
5) best of both worlds in ger
6) legal thresholds sig (5% in Germany)

38
Q

Uni vs. Bicameral systems

A

1) bicameral = 2 chambers
2) majority are bicameral
3) upper chamber can be weak or strong
4) create dual legitimacy issues?

39
Q

Assembly Size

A

1) more seats = more rep of peoplle, view, parties
2) sixe inc with cube root of pop - spn, den, port
3) US undersized
4) Fr, Ger, Uk oversized

40
Q

Eu Enlargement

A

1) UK, Ireland, adn Den 1973
2) Greece 1981
3) Spain and Port 1986
4) sweden Finland AUstria 1995
5) East Europe 2004-2013
6) last to join: Croatia 2013

41
Q

The Bundestag

A

1) elected every 4 yrs by univ suffrage
2) voters elect 1 cand for natioanl rep, then district voting (mixed-member)
3) make laws
4) appoint chancellor
5) oversight of chancellor - no conidnce w/ replacement
6) party needs at least 5% nationwide to enter bundestag
7) budget crafting +milit
8)

POL 147A (2 decks)

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