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DPT 711 Principles of Physical Assessment > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Palpitation: Clinical Application

A
  • PT Assessment: defining area of treatment, confirming location/verify structures, provocation of symptoms, assessment of mobility
  • PT Treatment: mobilization, soft tissue relaxation, pain relief
  • palpitation can detect if patient is activating muscles he may not supposed to be-steady hand used as reminder to not use those which can relax patient and provide pain relief
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2
Q

Planes of Movement

A
  • frontal/coronal: splits body into front and back (adduction and abduction-pertain only to appendages)
  • sagittal: splits body in right and left (flexion and extension)
  • transverse: splits body in top and bottom (superior and inferior)
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3
Q

Medial Rotation

A
  • occur at shoulder and hip joints

- limb turns in toward midline

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4
Q

Lateral Rotation

A
  • occur at shoulder and hip joints

- limb swings away from midline

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5
Q

Circumduction

A
  • possible only at shoulder and hip joints

- combo of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction together creating a cone shaped movement

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6
Q

Lateral Flextion

A
  • occurs only at axial skeleton

- ex: neck or vertebral column bends laterally to the side

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7
Q

Protraction and Retraction

A
  • pertain to scapula, clavicle, head, and jaw
  • protraction occurs when one of these structures moves anteriorly
  • retraction is movement posteriorly
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8
Q

Axial Skeleton

A
  • skeletons center

- cranium, vertebral column, ribs, sternum and hyoid

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9
Q

Apendicular Skeleton

A

-arms, legs, pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle), and pelvic girdle (hips)

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10
Q

Ellipsoid Joint

A
  • oval shaped end o fone bone articulating with elliptical basin of another bone
  • permits flexion/extension and abduction/adduction
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11
Q

Saddle Joint

A
  • modified ellipsoid joint composed of convex and concave articulating surfaces
  • ex trapezium and first metacarpal
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12
Q

Pivot Joint

A
  • designed to allow one bone to rotate around the surface of another bone
  • ex: first and second cervical vertebrae allow rotation of head
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13
Q

Gliding Joint

A
  • between two flat surfaces

- ex: between carpal bones

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14
Q

4 Major Systems PTs Screen

A
  • integumentary
  • musculoskeletal
  • cardiopulmonary
  • nervous
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15
Q

Tendons

A
  • connect muscles to bones

- becomes taut or slack depending on if muscle belly is contracted

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16
Q

Ligament

A
  • connects bone to bone at joints for stability

- dense, taut feel and remain taut throughout all states of contraction

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17
Q

Fascia

A
  • continuous sheet of fibrous membrane located beneath the skin and around muscles and organs
  • two types: superficial and deep
  • superficial: thickness varies; spatial layer filled with other tissue
  • deep: more complex design; surrounding muscle bellies and separating them into functional groups
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18
Q

Borders and Content of Cubital Fossa

A
  • lateral border: medial border of brachioradialis
  • medial border: lateral border of pronator teres
  • contents: median nerve, brachial artery that divides into radial and ulnar arteries, deep branch of radial nerve, biceps brachii tendon
19
Q

Attachments of Flexor Retinaculum

A

-pisiform, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium, and hook of hamate

20
Q

Which has greater mobility ulnar or radial deviation? Why?

A
  • ulnar

- the radius creates a bony block on the dorsal side

21
Q

Which carpal is most often fractured? Dislocated?

A
  • scaphoid

- lunate

22
Q

What are the 3 true synovial joints of the shoulder?

A
  • glenohumeral
  • sternoclavicular
  • acromioclavicular
23
Q

What is the pseudo joint of the shoulder?

A
  • scapulothoracic

- does not have the usual joint components like a synovial membrane, or ligaments connecting to bones

24
Q

Shoulder movement needed to: reach opposite shoulder

A

-flexion and medial rotation

25
Q

Shoulder movement needed to: elevate shoulder overhead to reach a high shelf

A

-flexion

26
Q

Shoulder movement needed to: reach behind head

A

-abduction and external rotation

27
Q

Shoulder movement needed to: reach small of back

A

-adduction, extension, and internal rotation

28
Q

Which muscles of the shoulder/arm have actions that are antagonistic to itself?

A
  • deltoid: posterior fibers extend, anterior fibers flex
  • trapezius: upper fibers elevate scapula and lower fibers depress
  • pectoralis major: upper fibers flex, lower fibers extend
29
Q

Muscles Involved with Scapular Elevation

A

-trapezius (upper), rhomboids, levator scapula

30
Q

Muscles Involved with Scapular Depression

A

-trapezius (lower), serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

31
Q

Muscles Involved with Scapular Adduction

A

-rhomboids, trapezius (middle)

32
Q

Muscles Involved with Scapular Abduction

A

-pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

33
Q

Muscles Involved with Scapular Upward Rotation

A

-trapezius (upper and lower), serratus anterior

34
Q

Muscles Involved with Scapular Downward Rotation

A

-rhomboids, levator scapula, pectoralis minor

35
Q

Muscles that Connect Humerus to Scapula

A

-pectoralis minor, triceps brachii, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, coracobrachialis, teres minor, teres major, deltoid, subscapularis

36
Q

Muscles that Connect Axial Spine to Humerus

A

-pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi

37
Q

Which muscles form walls of axillary wall?

A
  • posterior: subscapularis, latissimus dorsi
  • medial: serratus anterior and rib cage
  • anterior: pectoralis major and minor
  • lateral: biceps brachii, coracobrachialis
38
Q

Name the muscles that make up the thenar and hypothenar eminences

A
  • thenar: abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis and adductor pollicis (web space)
  • hypothenar: abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis and opponens digiti minimi
39
Q

What is the general origin of wrist flexor group?

A

-medial side of humerus

40
Q

What is the general origin of wrist extensor group?

A

-lateral side of humerus

41
Q

What’s the floor of the anatomical snuff box? Its borders?

A
  • scaphoid

- extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus

42
Q

What’s the most powerful supinator?

A

-biceps brachii

43
Q

Ulnar Nerve

A

-palpated between medial epicondyle and olecranon process

DPT 711 Principles of Physical Assessment (2 decks)

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