Middle Ages in Europe

Question 1

An old Greek city, renamed Constantinople, that became the center of the Byzantine Empire; present day Istanbul.

Answer 1

Byzantium

Question 2

A place previously known as Byzantium which became the capitol of the Roman Empire or “new Rome,” this city became the capital of the Byzantine Empire.

Answer 2

Constantinople

Question 3

Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code.

Answer 3

Justinian

Question 4

An organized collection and explaination of Roman laws for use by the Byzantine empire. It contributed to our laws today.

Answer 4

Justinian’s Code

Question 5

Byzantine empress; she was married to Justinian and exerted a great influence over him and over the political and religious events of the empire.

Answer 5

Theodora

Question 6

Built by Justinian; A huge stadium; Held athletic events and games; Seated 60,000 people located in Constantinople. Site of Nike Revolt.

Answer 6

Hippodrome

Question 7

Chariot races were intense, a fight broke out int the street between the blue and green team leaders, so Justinian had them arrested. when he didnt set them free for the next race the whole hippodrome of people revolted. Justinian was about to flee but Theodora encouraged him to stay and fight. He did and murdered everyone.

Answer 7

Nike Revolt

Question 8

Disease similar to bubonic plague, and hit in the later years of Justinian’s reign.

Answer 8

Plague of Justinian

Question 9

(330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. It lasted until it was taken over in 1453 C.E.

Answer 9

Byzantine Empire

Question 10

Byzantine emperor that defeated the Persians and reorganized the empire into themes, or sections ruled by a military governor. He also increased the cultural elements of the empire.

Answer 10

Heraclius

Question 11

Eastern branch of Christianity centered in Constantinople.

Answer 11

Greek Orthodox

Question 12

A principal bishop in the eastern branch of Christianity.

Answer 12

Patriarch

Question 13

A belief that the practice of worshiping and honoring objects such as icons was sinful became pervasive, which led to a conflict between those who wanted images and those who did not.

Answer 13

Iconoclasm

Question 14

A person who attacks and ridicules cherished figures, ideas, and institutions - in this case, the use of images in the church.

Answer 14

Iconoclast

Question 15

Men who devote their time to praying, studying, and copying, and decorating holy books by hand.

Answer 15

Monks

Question 16

A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith.

Answer 16

Monasticism

Question 17

Angles, Saxons, Franks, Vandals, Goths, etc.

Answer 17

Germanic Tribes that begin to settle down.

Question 18

Invaders of Europe that came from Scandinavia.

Answer 18

Vikings

Question 19

(325 CE) A council called by Constantine to agree upon correct Christian doctrine and settle some disputes of the time. Determined the belief in the Holy Trinity.

Answer 19

council of Nicaea

Question 20

Religion which believed that Christ was only a mortal man begotten of God and reduced his role to the lesser demigod. The Goths, Egyptian Christians, and barbaric Christians of Europe practiced this. It eventually fizzled out after the dominant “Nicene Creed” came into play.

Answer 20

Arian Christianity

Question 21

A formal statement of Christian belief widely used in Christian liturgies, adopted at the first Council of Nicaea in 325.

Answer 21

Nicene Creed

Question 22

The Hammer the Frankish commander for the battle of Tours. He defeated the Muslimsin the Battle of Tours, allowing Christianity to survive throughout the Dark Ages. He in a way started Feudalism by giving land to his knights that served for him.

Answer 22

Charles Martel

Question 23

800 AD crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy.

Answer 23

Charlemagne

Question 24

Referring to the rule of Charlemagne, the Franks fell under one centralized rule of a man considered incredibly intelligent and militarily and diplomatically gifted. He was sanctioned by the Roman Catholic Church and in the creation of his own bureaucracy, he established imperial officials (missi dominici) to oversea the actions of local authorities. After his death in 814, subsequent leaders lost control over different parts of the empire from the bureaucracy and territory due to incompetence and external pressures in the form of the Muslims, Magyars and Vikings.

Answer 24

Carolingian Empire

Question 25

a reform of handwriting devised by monks at the monasteries of Corbie and Tours in the year 800. a new type of formal literacy writing using lowercase letters. Its standards of capitalizing the first letters of sentences is the basis of our modern printing.

Answer 25

Carolingian Miniscule

Question 26

A Germanic empire located chiefly in central Europe that began with the coronation of Charlemagne as Roman emperor in a.d. 800 (or, according to some historians, with the coronation of Otto the Great, king of Germany, in a.d. 962)

Answer 26

Holy Roman Empire

Question 27

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land.

Answer 27

Feudalism

Question 28

A person who is paid in land or other fees to serve a lord or higher position in society militarily.

Answer 28

Retainer

Question 29

a person under the protection of a feudal lord to whom he or she owes allegiance; a subordinate or dependent

Answer 29

Vassal

Question 30

An economic system based on the manor and lands including a village and surrounding acreage which were administered by a lord. It developed during the Middle Ages to increase agricultural production.

Answer 30

Manorialism

Question 31

5th century Frankish leader of a large kingdom who converted to Christianity.

Answer 31

Clovis

Question 32

Bishop of Rome; head of the Catholic church in western Europe.

Answer 32

Pope

Question 33

A community in which monks lead lives devoted to religion. Often centers of translation, learning, etc.

Answer 33

Monastery

Question 34

monks in the order founded by St. Benedict

Answer 34

Benedictine Monks

Question 35

Answer 35

Hagia Sophia