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Health > Mid-Term Pt 2 > Flashcards

Mid-Term Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define anatomy

A

The study of the structure of the body, their forms, and arrangements.

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

How the body functions

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3
Q

Define exercise physiology

A

How the body functions during exercise

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4
Q

Health

A

Absence of disease

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5
Q

Fitness

A

The degree of body functioning and the ability of the body to handle physical demands

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6
Q

List and describe the 5 components of fitness

A
  1. Cardiorespiratory endurance - The efficiency in which the body delivers oxygen and nutrients for macular activity and transports waste products from the cells. 2. Muscular Strength - greatest amount of force a muscle or muscle group can exert in a single force. 3. Muscular Endurance - ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated movements at submax force. 4. Flexibility - ability to move a joint or group of joints through an entire normal range of motion. 5. Body Composition - amount of body fat a person has compared to their total body mass.
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7
Q

What is the F.I.T.T. Principle?

A

A basic philosophy of what is necessary to gain a training effect from an exercise program.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

A

The more efficient your heart become at giving oxygen and transporting wastes.

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9
Q

How do you find your max heart rate? How do you find it when exercising?

A

220 - 17 = 203 When exercising: 203 x 0.85 = 173

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

A

Bring oxygen and release carbon dioxide

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11
Q

Define joints

A

Where bones come together (articulation)

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12
Q

Classification of joints: Synovial

A

Diarthroses - freely movable

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13
Q

Classification of joints: Ball and socket

A

Shoulder and hip

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14
Q

Classification of joints: Hinge

A

Elbow and knee

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15
Q

Classification of joints: Pivot

A

Ulna & radius, neck

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16
Q

Classification of joints: Condyloid

A

Wrist

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17
Q

Classification of joints: Saddle

A

Thumb

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18
Q

Classification of joints: Gliding

A

Metacarpals to phalanges

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19
Q

Define joint cavity

A

Bones are movable because of the synovial fluid in bursa sacks

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20
Q

Movements: Flexion

A

Decrease of the angle

21
Q

Movements: Extension

A

Increase of the angle

22
Q

Movements: Abduction

A

Away from the body

23
Q

Movements: Adduction

A

Moving back to the body

24
Q

Movements: Rotation

A

Moving a bone on a central axis

25
Q

Movements: Circumduction

A

Combination of different movements

26
Q

Movements: Supination

A

Facing up

27
Q

Movements: Pronation

A

Facing down

28
Q

Movements: Eversion

A

Outside sprain

29
Q

Movements: Inversion

A

Inward sprain

30
Q

Movements: Protraction

A

Moving back part forward

31
Q

Movements: Retraction

A

Moving body part back to the body

32
Q

Movements: Elevation

A

Raising body part

33
Q

Movements: Depression

A

Lowering body part

34
Q

Fractures: Open

A

Bone breaks and punctures skin

35
Q

Fractures: Closed

A

Bone breaks but doesn’t puncture skin

36
Q

Fractures: Greenstick

A

Cracks but doesn’t break all the way

37
Q

Fractures: Comminuted

A

Shatters in many pieces

38
Q

Fractures: Spiral

A

Twists

39
Q

Fractures: Multiple

A

Multiple breaks in the same bone

40
Q

Describe the pattern of blood flow

A
41
Q

Describe the pattern of respiration

A
  1. Air entered nostrils and is warmed by mucous membranes.
  2. Cilia in the nose and trachea filter out small particles.
  3. From the nasal cavity, air enters the pharynx (throat).
  4. Then moves to the larynx (voicebox). Epiglottis is closed
  5. Proceeds down the trachea (windpipe) which is about 4 1/2 inches long. Held open by cartilage that’s c-shaped
  6. Divides into right and left primary bronchi (bronchus)
  7. Each bronchi enters a lung and divides for each of the 5 lobes.
  8. Bronchi branch further, eventually becoming bronchioles.
  9. At the end of the bronchioles are the alveoli (air bags).
  10. The alveoli is where the exchange of gases occurs.
  11. Gases: carbon dioxide and oxygen
42
Q

Label the Respiratory System

A
43
Q

Label the Skeletal System

A
44
Q

What are the 4 layers of the bone? Explain them.

A

Periosteum: membrane outside of the bone
Compact: Hard outer bone (you see in x-rays)
Spongy: next soft inner layer
Bone marrow: mainly produces red and yellow blood cells
• Red - blood
• Yellow - fat

45
Q

What are the functions of bones?

A
  1. Protects vital organs
  2. Provides support, sets your body’s form
  3. Provides a framework of levers that your muscles are attached to.
  4. Makes red blood cells (mainly), sometimes white blood cells and platelets.
  5. Storage for calcium and other minerals
46
Q

3 Things that keep your bones strong

A

Calcium, Vitamin D, and resistance training

47
Q

What acts as a shock absorber at the ends of bones?

A

Cartilage

48
Q
A

Health (12 decks)

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