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Cytokines > Microbiology GM Positive > Flashcards

Microbiology GM Positive Flashcards

1
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

Gram Negative Coccobacilli

transmitted by respiratory droplets or tocuhes surfaces

filamentous hemaglutinin, pertactin, agglutinin: anchor it to the epithelial wall

Tracheal cytotoxin: paralyzes cilia in respiratory tract\

pertussis toxin: also anchors it to epithellial and increases lymphocytes (tcell) in blood but blocks it from leaving the blood

adenylate cyclase toxin: blocks phagocytes to get ot the area and kills them
Sx: violent cough

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2
Q

What bugs do not take well to gram stains

A

These microbes may lack real color

Treponema
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma, ureaplasma
Legionella
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
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3
Q

What bugs use giemsa stain

A

Certain bugs really try my patience

Chlamydia
Borellia
Rickettsia
Trypanosome
Plasmodium
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4
Q

What bugs use india ink stain

A

cryptococcus

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5
Q

what bugs use silver stain

A

fungi

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6
Q

What grows on a chocolate agar

A

H. influenza

S. pneumoniae

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7
Q

What gros on thayer-martin agar

A

Niesseria

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8
Q

What grows on a regan-lowe medium

A

b. pertussis

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9
Q

What grows on loffler medium or tellurite agar

A

C. dipertheria

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10
Q

What grows on lowenstein-jensen agar

A

M. tuberculosis

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11
Q

what grows on eaton agar

A

m pnuemoniae

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12
Q

What are the encapsulated bacteria

A

Please SHINE my SKis

Psudomonas
Streptocoocus pneumoniae
Haemophilus Influenza
Neiserria
E. coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella
Strep group b
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13
Q

Urease-positive organisms

A

Pee CHUNKSS

proteus
crytococcus
H pylori
ureaplasma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
S,eouderudus'S, saprophyticus
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14
Q

Catalase positive organisms

A

CATs Need PLACESS to Belch their Hairballs

Nocardia,
Pseudomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
Ecoli
Staphyloccoci
Serratia
B cepacia
H pylori
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15
Q

What is protein A and what organism

A

Staph aureus

binds to Fc region of IgG to prvent opsonization of phagocytosis expressed by s. aureus

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16
Q

Which bugs have IgA protease

A

S. pneumoniae and H influenza

Neisseria also

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17
Q

M protein

A

helps prevent pagocytosis. expressed by group a step

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18
Q

What are the spore forming bacteria

A

Baccillus and clostridium

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19
Q

Which Gm has a thicker cell wall

what color does it stain?

A

Gram positive

stains purple

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20
Q

What gm has large amounts of peptidoglycan cell walls

what is peptidoglycan

A

a starch

Gm +

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21
Q

What gm has walls containg lipolysaccharides

A

Gm -

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22
Q

What gm has endotoxin

what is the pneumonic

A

Gm -

Edema
Nitric Oxide
DIC/Death
TNF-alpha
O-antigen
Xtremely heat stable
Il-1 Neutrophil chemotaxis
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23
Q

where do you find LPS

A

gram -

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24
Q

Where do you find teichoic acid

A

gm +

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25
Q

What is catalase positive Staph or step

A

Staph

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26
Q

List the 3 mainGm + rod(baccili)

A

Clostridium
Listeria
Baccilis

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27
Q

What two specifics have partial hemolysis and are alpha hemolytic

A

S. pneumoniae

S. viridans

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28
Q

What are the main differences in s. pneumoniae and S. viridians

A

S. pneumoniae is optochin sensitive, bile soluble and has a capsule

S. viridians has no capsule, optochin resistant and is not bile soluble

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29
Q

What 2 bugs are clear hemolysis and beta hemolytic

A

s. pyogenes

s. agalactiae

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30
Q

What is the difference between S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae

A

S. pyogenes: group a strep, bacitracin sensitive

S. Agalactiae: group b strep, bacitracin resistant

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31
Q

what two bacteria do not undergo any hemolysis

A

enterocoocus and peptostreptococcus

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32
Q

Staphylocci are Gm +/-

what do they lack

A

Gm+

lack spores and flagella

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33
Q

What does coagulase do?

What organism is coagulase positive

A

Coagulase enables the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Staph arueus has coagulase bound to cell surface and uses it to cover it’s surface with fibrin when in contact with blood. This may work to avoid phagocytosis. Can lead to abscess.

34
Q

What are four virulence factors of S. aureus

A
  • coagulase
  • protein A
  • beta hemolytic
  • toxic shock syndrome toxin=super antigen
35
Q

what dz can staph aureus cause

A
  • localized cutaneous infections
  • osteomyeltis, bacteremia, acute endocarditis
  • food posioning
  • scalded skin syndrome
  • toxic shock syndrome
36
Q

is S epidermidis coagulase positive?

what type of infections does it cause

A

NO!

nosocomial and opportunitic infections

Infects prosthetic devices and IV catheters

37
Q

what is the only type of staph that is coagulase positive

A

staph aureus.

38
Q

Does strep form catalase?

A

No it has a peroxidase system instead!

39
Q

What are our beta hemolytic streptococci

A

S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae

40
Q

What are the alpha hemolytic streptoccoci

A

S. pneumoniae and S. viridians

41
Q

What diseases does S. Pyogenes cause

is it alpha or beta hemolytic
Group A or B

A

Group A beta-hemolytic strep

  • pharyngitis
  • cellulitis
  • impetigo
  • scarlet fever
  • toxic shock like syndrome
  • nectrotizing facitis
  • rhematic fever
  • acute glomerulonephrtits
42
Q

What are the two main virulence factors of B-hemolytic S. pyogenes

A
  • M protein: resists phagocytosis
  • hylaronic acid capsule: reduces immune response

-Extracellular toxins:
Streptolysins
Pyrogenic toxins
Superantigen

43
Q

What are the 3 squellae of strep pyogenes

A
  • scarlet fever
  • rheumatic fever
  • acute glomerulonephritis
44
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae
Group A/b?
Beta/alpha hemolytic?

where does it infect you

A

Group B beta hemolytic strep

Resides in the vagina and ins transfered to infant during delivery

Neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis

45
Q

Strep viridans
Beta or alpha hemolytic

what disease does it cause

what is its main virulence factor

A

Alpha hemolytic

Causes dental caries and subacute endocarditis

Optochin resistant

46
Q

What shape is strep pnuemonia

what diseases does it cause

A

Lancet-shapped

pneumonia
meningitis
otitis media in kids
sinusitis

47
Q

What are the main virulance factors for S. pneumoniae

A

Large capsule
Alpha hemolytic
optochin sensitive

48
Q

What culture requies blood or chocolate agar to grow

A

S. pneumoniae

49
Q

What is our group D organisms

are they sensitive or resistant to optochin

A

Enterococci and Strep. Bovis

Optochin resistant

50
Q

what disease do enteroccus cause

A

opportunistic urinary, biliary and subacute endocarditis

51
Q

What disease do streptococcus bovis cause

A

cancer in the colon bovis in the blood

52
Q

What grows on sheep blood agar

A

S. aureus

53
Q

What are the two classes of gm+ bacilli

list them

A

Spore Formers and Non-spore formers

  • bacillus
  • clostridium
  • listeria
  • cornybacterium
54
Q

What are the aerobic spore forming gm+ bacilli

A

Bacillus

  • B. cerus
  • B. anthracis
55
Q

What are the anaerobic spore forming gm+ bacilli

A

Clostridum

  • C. Botulinum
  • C. tetani
  • C. perfringenes
  • C. diff
56
Q

What are the non spore formers

A

Listeria and Cornybacterium

-L. monocytogenes
C. diptheriae

57
Q

What is the microscopic and colonial morphology of B. anthracis

A
  • Bamboo appearance due to gm+ rods with square ends

- Medusa head or beaten egg head

58
Q

What grows on blood agar

A

B. anthracis

59
Q

What are the main virulence factors of B. anthracis

A
  • polypeptide capsule

- potent exotoxin

60
Q

What do you find when someone gets anthrax

A

Black, necrotic eschar

woolsorter’s disase (pulmonary anthrax)

61
Q

Main factors of B. cereus

A

motile
no capsule
saprophyte

62
Q

Which is penicillin resistent

B. anthracis or B. cerus

A

B. cereus

63
Q

How does tetanospasmidin work

A

via the tetanus toxin which binds to ganglioside receptors and blocks release of inhibitory mediators (GABA) at soinal synapses leading to hyper reflection and spastic paralysis

64
Q

What bacteria causes spastic paralysis

A

Tetanospasmidin

65
Q

what bacteria causes lock jaw(trismus)

A

teanospasmidin

this is known as risus sardonicus

66
Q

what is the pathogenesis of botulism

A

neurotoxins enter and bind to peripheral cholinergic nerve endings

  • inhibits release of acetylcholine
  • symmetrical descending paralysis occus beginning with cranial nerves and progressing downward
67
Q

What causes descending paralysis

A

Botulism

68
Q

What diesease does C. perfringens cause

How is it identified

A

gas gangrene and food poisoning

-Nagler Reactions

69
Q

What toxins does C. perfringens create

A
  • alpha toxin: (lecithinase)lyses RBC and causes tissue destruction
  • beta toxin
  • enterotoxin
70
Q

C. diptheria

A

Gram positive bacilli that causes diptheria and is an opportunistic nfection

71
Q

Is c. diptheria capsulated, is it motile

A

no no

72
Q

sx of diptheria

A

fibrinous excudate (pseudomembrane), nasopharyngitis, enlargement of neck lymph nodes and neck edema. Irregularity of cardiac rhythm

73
Q

Who is commonly affected by listeria

how

A

Pregnant moms , newborn, weak immune system from unpasturized milk, cheese and deli meats

74
Q

What is catalase and oxidase positive

A

listeria

75
Q

What does listeria cause

A

meningitis and sepsis

MC cause of neonatal minigitis

76
Q

What bacteria has a lipid rich cell wall and is acid fast

A

Mycobacteirum

77
Q

what bacteira casues a ghon complex

A

mycobacterim

78
Q

What bug causes hansens disease

A

Mycobacterium leprae

79
Q

What does leprosy do

A

entry through blood vessels

inflammatory response

demyelination

80
Q

What are the two types of leprosy and what type of TH response do they create

A

Tuberculoid:
TH-1 response producing interferony gamma

Lepromatous leprosy:
T cell failure and macrophage dysfunction and problems with interferon gamma

TH2 ctokins and humoral response

81
Q

what are gram negative short rods that cause meningitis

A

H. influenze

Cytokines (9 decks)

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