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Flashcards in micro-organisms summary Deck (30)
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1
Q

what are moulds?

A

they are filamentous fungi that cause superficial infection but can be systemic e.g. aspergillosis

2
Q

what do moulds form?

A

a mat of mycelium - this may have a septate

3
Q

what are multiple fungal cells?

A

mycelium - collection of hypha

4
Q

how do moulds replicate?

A

the mould spore are produced in the sporangium and it depends on the type of tissue that you have as to whether there is a fruiting body produced as well

5
Q

what size are helminths?

A

they are macroscopic

6
Q

what types can helminths be?

A

intestinal or non-intestinal but these can migrate to the intestines

7
Q

what are protozoa?

A

they are eukaryotes that arent plants or fungi

8
Q

what do ciliates have?

A

cilia outside their cells

9
Q

what do flagellates have?

A

flagella on surface to aid movement

10
Q

what is acomplexa?

A

special bodies to infect certain things

11
Q

how do parasites replicate?

A

can have vectors and multiple hosts

12
Q

what do some parasites form?

A

cysts - similar to the endospore in bacteria

13
Q

what do viruses require?

A

a pay load - RNA or DNA and a host cell to replicate

14
Q

what is the protein coat made of?

A

it is a capsid made up of capsomeres

15
Q

how are viruses classified commonly?

A

based on symmetry

16
Q

do viruses have a cell wall?

A

no - they can be covered in a lipid envelope from the cell membrane of the original cell they infected or can be nakes

17
Q

how can viruses escape from cells?

A

they can burst out and escape or bled out and take some of the membrane with them which avoids the immune system of the host

18
Q

what can RNA strands be?

A

positive or negative sense

19
Q

what is required of negative sense before the ribosome and why?

A

converted to positive sense so can be made into protein

20
Q

how is positive strand RNA made from RNA?

A

reverse transcriptase makes RNA into cDNA and then to postivie RNA

21
Q

how are virus families names?

A

based on the presence of DNA or RNA

22
Q

what determines which cells are infected by viruses?

A

tissue tropisms

23
Q

how are viruses recognised?

A

through standard take or receptor mediated endocytosis after attachment

24
Q

what happens once the virus is in the host cell?

A

it uncoats and releases genetic material

25
Q

how are cellular processes of the host cell taken over by the virus?

A

using intergrase

26
Q

what are prions?

A

proteinatious infectious particles

27
Q

how is a cascade formed by prions?

A

misfolded proteins can induce other proteins to misfold

28
Q

what happens to amyloid that is produced?

A

it aggregates

29
Q

what is the effect of prion infection?

A

sponge like holes in the brain - deterioration of brain function

30
Q

why are prion infections lethal?

A

they are hard to eradicate and cannot be treated