domain bacteria
species can cause disease in humans animals or other organisms.
Proteobacteria
Proteus- assume many shapes
Gram negative
chemoheterotrophic bacteria
divide into α, β, χ, δ, ε
Alphaproteobacteria
Gram negative some have (Prosthecae) stalks or buds that increase surface area for absorption
Rickettsia
Alphaproteobacteria
Human pathogen
__Arthropod-borne__
obligate intracellular parasites- repr. only inside mammal cell.
Caulobacter
Alphaproteobacteria
have Prosthecae
stalked bacteria found in lakes
Hyphomicrobium
Alphaproteobacteria
have Prosthecae
budding bacteria found in lakes
Gammaprobacteria
largest subgroup
Pseudomas aeruginosa
Coxiella
Enterobacteriales (enterics)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gammaprobacteria
aerobic, G-, motile by polar flagella
Fluorescent opportunistic pathogen, Polar flagella
large genome synthesizes Ez for large # of substrates ( grown on minute C source, 1out of 10 hospital infections.
Coxiella
Gammaprobacteria require mammalian host cell to repr. once thought to be Rickettsia. Not transmitted by insects Q fever transmitted by milk or aerosols
Enterobacteriales (enertics)
Gammaprobacteria inhabit intestinal tracts of humans and animals Peritrichous flagella motile, all facultative anaerobes -Enterobacter -Escherichia -Klebsiella -Proteus -Salmonella -Serratia -Shigella -Yersenia
Escherichia
Gammaprobacteria- Enterobacteriales
specie-Escherichia Coli
most comma intestinal inhabitants.
usually not pathogenic
Shigella
Gammaprobacteria- Enterobacteriales
responsable for bacillary dysentery disease (shigellosis)
only found in humans
Klebsiella
Gammaprobacteria- Enterobacteriales
genus klebsiella
species: Klebsiella pneumoniae
found in water and soil
Serratia
Gammaprobacteria- Enterobacteriales
Serratia marcescens
produces red pigmentation
Proteus
Gammaprobacteria- Enterobacteriales
Swarmer type of growth on agar
swarmer cells with many flagella revert to normal cell w/few flagella, reduce motility
Yersinia
Gammaprobacteria- Enterobacteriales
Yersinia Pestis causes plague
black death of Europe
Entrobacter
Gammaprobacteria- Enterobacteriales
species: E. Cloacae & E.aurogenes
cause (UTI) urinary track infection & hops. infections
Salmonella
Gammaprobacteria- Enterobacteriales genus: Salmonella pathogenic S. enterica has>2400 serovars ( seroligical varieties) aka serotype S. enterica serovar Typhimurium
Epsilonproteobacteria
slender Gram- bacteria rods helical or curved
flagella motile
microaerophilic
Helicobacter pylori
Epsilonproteobacteria
peritrichous flagella, most common cause of peptic ulcers
also cause stomach cancer
microaerophilic
Non-Protoebacteria
Gram- bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Clamydia
Cyanobacteria
Non-Protoebacteria
Gram -
(oxygenic Phototrophs): oxygenic Photosynthesis
motile spirochaetes
Non-Protoebacteria
motile Chemotrophs
spirochetes-axial filament, not a flagella
Chlamydia
Non-Protoebacteria
Non motile
no peptidoglycan in cell walls.
once classified with Rickettsia ( no insect vector), elemental body is the “infective agent”
Gram possitive
divided in to 2 groups
high G+C ratio
low G+C ratio
Firmicutes
Gram+
Low G+C bacteria
Gram positive Bacteria
(Firmicutes) Clostridales Bacillales; Bacillus staphylococcus Lactobacillales Streptococcus Mycoplamatales
Clostridales
(Firmicutes)
Gram+ endospore forming rod: obligated anaerobes
Clostridium tetani=tetanus
Bacillales
(Firmicutes)
endospores producing rods and cocci
Bacillus
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus
Food poisoning in starchy food (rice)
B. anthracis
Bacillus
causes anthrax
common in soil
B. thuringiensis
Bacillus
microbial insect pathogen
Staphylococcus
Bacilalles
cocci, facultative anaerobes, yellow pigmented colonies
S. aureus
Staphylococcus
wound infection in hospitals, toxic shock syndrome, high fever and vomiting, endotoxin, most common cause of food poisoning
Lactobacillales
Genus: Lactobacillus
generally aerotolerant anaerobes,
most lack ETC (cytochrome system)
Streptococcus
Genus: Lactobacillus
responsable for illness & greater variety of disease than any other bacteria
Mycoplamatales
Micoplasms
lack cell wall (resemble fungi), pleomorphic,
pass thru filters that retain bacteria
first tough to be viruses
smallest replicating organism capable of cell free existence.
Actinobacteria
High G+C gram+ bacteria
Actino=ray, or starlike, form of growth
branching filaments
Gardnerella
Actinobacteria
Gardnerella vaginalis- most common form of vaginitis
mycobacterium tuberculosis
Actinobacteria aerobic myco- fungus like fillamentous growth acid fast stain if suspect these pathogens
Mycobacterium leprae
Actinobacteria
acid fast stain
Domain Archaea
some gram-, some gram+
some by binary fusion
some by fragmentation or budding
extreme acidophile, thermophiles, halophiles