Methodology: Quantitative and Qualitative Data Flashcards Preview

Y1: Psychology: Social > Methodology: Quantitative and Qualitative Data > Flashcards

Flashcards in Methodology: Quantitative and Qualitative Data Deck (24)
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1
Q

Define ‘quantitative data’.

A

Data that is measured by amount and is often expressed numerically that is more likely to be drawn from controlled situations (e.g. lab experiments).

2
Q

Give an example of quantitative data.

A

Measures of central tendency:

  • Mean
  • Mode
  • Median
3
Q

Give an example of quantitative data in social psychology.

A

65% of people administering 450V in Milgram’s (1963) experiment.

4
Q

Give an example of how quantitative data might be collected.

A

Counting the amount of times something occurs.

5
Q

Give an example of how quantitative data might be collected in social psychology.

A

The number of times a ppt obeyed instructions of a researcher.

6
Q

Give an example of how quantitative data might be expressed.

A

Through a bar chart.

7
Q

Give an example of how qualitative data might be analysed.

A

Through statistical tests, such as a Mann Whitney U-Test.

8
Q

Define ‘objectivity’.

A

All sources of bias are minimised and subjectivity is eliminated.

9
Q

Evaluate the generalisability of quantitative data using a high point.

A

P - High
E - Due to being quick and easy to collect it allows for a larger sample size
E - Therefore will be more representative of the general population

10
Q

Evaluate the reliability of quantitative data using a high point.

A

P - High
E - Quantitative data is presented in an objective, numerical form
E - Therefore can be replicated and compared easily due to no interpretation of detail

11
Q

Evaluate the validity of quantitative data using 2 low points.

A

P - Low
E - Data in the form of numbers lacks detail
E - Therefore is narrow in focus and unrepresentative of the complexity of human behaviour
P - Low
E - It could be argued that quant data gathered in questionnaires is open to subjectivity in that it relies on ppts give a score based on their personal opinion
E - Therefore there are situations in which quantitative data can become subjective

12
Q

Evaluate the reductionism of quantitative data using a high point.

A

P - Reductionist
E - It reduces detail about human behaviour down to one measurable aspect
E - Therefore it has a higher scientific status due to being more measurable and comparable

13
Q

Define ‘qualitative data’.

A

Data that cannot be numerically measured or tested and is often expressed as words or images that is more likely to be drawn from case studies and open questions.

14
Q

Give an example of qualitative data.

A

The opinions of a respondent in a questionnaire.

15
Q

Give an example of qualitative data in social psychology.

A

Milgram’s (1963) ppts showed signs of stress through nervous laughter.

16
Q

Give an example of how qualitative data might be collected.

A

Through observations of human behaviour.

17
Q

Give an example of how qualitative data might be collected in social psychology.

A

Adorno’s (1950) interviews of ppts who had high F-scores that gathered detailed, qualitative data on their childhood.

18
Q

Give an example of how qualitative data might be expressed.

A

Through the opinions in a questionnaire.

19
Q

Give an example of how qualitative data might be analysed.

A

Through thematic analysis.

20
Q

Define ‘subjectivity’.

A

A person’s personal opinions influencing how they analyse data or view a situation, reducing objectivity.

21
Q

Evaluate the generalisability of qualitative data using a low point.

A

P - Low
E - Qualitative data takes time to analyse
E - Therefore a smaller, unrepresentative sample will be obtained

22
Q

Evaluate the reliability of qualitative data using a low point.

A

P - Low
E - Qualitative data is not measurable and is hard to compare due to the differences in detail
E - Therefore the lack of standardisation makes it hard to replicate and compare

23
Q

Evaluate the validity of qualitative data using a high and low point.

A

P - High
E - It gathers large amounts of detail on a specific topic
E - Therefore it helps to understand human behaviour in more depth
P - Low
E - Due to the expression of qualitative data in words and themes it is open to interpretation
E - Therefore elements of subjectivity from researcher bias will reduce credibility due to being harder to analyse

24
Q

Evaluate the reductionism of qualitative data using a low point.

A

P - Not reductionist
E - Due to the detail that is gathered it makes findings more holistic
E - Therefore this is not measurable or easy to replicate and compare and so loses scientific status