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Flashcards in Mental health drugs Deck (15)
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1
Q

What medication is used on aggressive patients?

A

Benzodiazepines

1) . Lorazepam
2) . midazolam
2) . diazepam

2
Q

What is medication reverses the effects of benzodiazepines?

A

Flumazenil

3
Q

What is the mechanism of antipsychotic drugs?

A

They block the dopamine receptors.
Antipsychotics mainly block D2 receptors
1st generation tend to block D1 and D2
Drugs initially increase dopaminergic neuron activity, but over time it reduces, this is because the number of receptors increases over time.
(This is the same pathway of Parkinson’s disease so may get parkinsonism)

4
Q

What are the 4 main clinical effects seen by using antipsychotics?

A

1 - depression of emotional responses (treat delusions)
2 - sedation (treat confusion/restlessness)
3 - antiemetic effect (vomiting)
4 - antihistamine effect (allergies)

5
Q

What are the main conditions treated by antipsychotics?

A
  • schizophrenia
  • acute behavioural disturbances
  • Used as an adjuvant in mania and psychotic depression
6
Q

The key difference between depression and anxiety?

A

In anxiety - overactivity of ascending noradrenergic neurons. Increases levels of arousal. In addition to this, excessive activity of 5-HT neurons leads to enhanced responses to nerve stimuli.

In depression - The opposite

7
Q

Treatment of anxiety

A

1) . CBT self-taught
2) . CBT therapist
3) . SSRI

8
Q

What is the formal name of bipolar disorder and what is it?

A

manic depression

  • involves both depressive and manic episodes, corresponding ratios below:
  • type 1 (1:1)
  • type 2 (5:1)
  • rapid cycling (>4 episodes a year)
9
Q

Acute manic episode treatments in bipolar disorder?

A

1st line - atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone, quetapine, cloazapine)
2nd - valporate, lamotrigine (anticonvulsants), lithium

10
Q

What do you need to be careful of with regards to Clozapine?

A

AGRANULOCYTOSIS

11
Q

What set of drugs should you avoid in treating bipolar disorder during a depressive episode?

A

Anti-depressants - can cause rapid cycling of mood

12
Q

What drug can be used to treat rapid cycling of mood in bipolar disorder?

A

Clozapine (atypical antipsychotic)

13
Q

What is the first line drug as general maintenance in bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium

14
Q

What set of drugs would use in a depressive episode of someone with bipolar disorder?

A

atypical antipsychotic, anticonvulsant and lithium adjunct

15
Q

What is the first and second line drug treatment of depression?

A

1st line SSRI - fluoxetine, citalopram

2nd line - tricyclic antidepressants