aspirin (ASA)
antiplatelet: prevents platelet aggregation
Epogen® (epoetin alfa)
helps to build red blood cells
Neupogen or Neulasta (filgrastim)
helps to build white blood cell
Hydrea® (hydroxyurea)
mimics fetal hemoglobin to prevent increased number of crisis
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Hemophilia A
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Hyperuricemia leukemia
Heparin
anticoagulant (early in DIC to prevent clot formation)
antibodies that help fight infections
gammaglobulins
leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphadenopathy, joint swelling, bone pain, weight loss, anorexia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and central nervous system dysfunction
clinical manifestations of leukemia
Infections and ulcerations, especially of the respiratory tract, skin, vagina, and gastrointestinal tract
Signs and symptoms of infection (e.g., fever, malaise, and chills)
neutropenia
bone marrow transplant Isn’t recommended for patients over
50-55
clinical manifestation; sense of fullness in the abdomen - hepatomegaly and spelomegaly
leukemia
chronic lymphoid leukemia the culprits of hypogammaglobulin anemia
strep pneumoniae , staphococcus aureus, and h influenza
in CLL the diagnostic hallmark is
increase in lymphocytes (WBC increase)
chronic myeloid leukemia will be positive for
positive for philadelphia chromosome
enlarged spleen
chronic myeloid leukemia
flu like symptoms, bone pain, spleen and liver pain
leukemias
chronic myelogenous leukemia have 3 courses
chronic phase- slow; not any specific symptoms; weakness and weightloss
short accelerated- characteristics by enlargement of spleen wbc are deteriorating
terminal blast cell crisis- full prognosis ; precursors are blast cells
solid tumor composed of neoplastic lymphoid cells
lymphomas
breaks down the cells; filter for blood in the immune system
spleen
pruritis
itching
sign and symp of hodgkin and non hodgkins lymphoma
splenomeagly; painless enlarged nodes; weight loss and fever
plasma cell cancer
multiple myeloma
bone cancer/ bone pain
is very hard to treat
clinical manifestations of hypercalcemia
stones
bones will break
abdominal moans- abdominal pain (constipation)
psychic groans CNS effects -weakness, confusion
electrolyte that flips with calcium
phosphorus
2 signs of hypocalcemia
chvosick and trousseau
hypocalcemia clinical manifestation
CATS convulsions arrhythmia tetany stridor/spasms
hyperphosphaemia
main cause is renal failure
plays an important role in phosphate absorption
vitamin D
hemophilia A is treated with
ddvap
what drug is used to treat enuresis / bed wetting
ddvap
can cause significant bleeding with trauma and surgery
von willebrands disease
difference between Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
idiopathic is hypo coagulation
thrombotic is hyper coagulation
incomplete formation of the blood cells
schistocytes
schistocytes are often seen in patients with what anemia
hemolytic anemia
decreases O2-carrying capacity leads to
hypoxia
manifestations of pernicious anemia
memory changes, positive babinski (flare out bad adult), paresthesia
positive babinski (flare up) is normal on
a child
schillings test
pernicious anemia
manifestations are anemia, leukopenia, thrombopenia
aplastic anemia
hypoxia
is cellular level
sickle cell anemia has problems with what organ
spleen
triangle to treat sickle cell anemia
dehydration, pain, o2
jaundice happens
with the breakdown of rbc
Abnormally high erythrocytes
polycythemia