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610 Anesthesia Concepts > Medical Gas Systems and Vaporizers Objectives > Flashcards

Medical Gas Systems and Vaporizers Objectives Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 sources for gases?

A

piped in and cylinders ( E size)

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2
Q

Name the colors associated with each of the following gases: Oxygen; Nitrous oxide; air; nitrogen; helium

A 
O2: green
N2O: blue
air: yellow
N: black
He: brown
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3
Q

When are E size O2 cylinders considered full? How does the pressure reading change as the tank empties?

A

2000-2200psi & ~625-700L

as O2 is used; pressure falls PROPORTIONALLY

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4
Q

When is an air tank considered full? How does pressure reading change as the tank empties?

A

1900-2000psi w/ ~625L

Like O2: pressure falls in proportion to the amount left in the tank

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5
Q

When is an E tank of N2O considered full? Does the pressure reading indicate the amount left in the tank?

A

745psi w/ ~1590L

NO! N2O is stored as liquid; therefore pressure reading does not indicate amount left in the tank

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6
Q

When does the psi reading on a tank of N2O drop?

A

only when all of the liquid is evaporated, at which time the pressure will drop in direct proportion to the rate at which gas is used
At this point the tank is nearly empty

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7
Q

How do you figure out if your N2O tank is full?

A

weigh it

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8
Q

What agency specifies the purity of medical gases? Who regulates this?

A

United States Pharmacopeia; regulated by FDA

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9
Q

What agency dictates the requirements for manufacturing, filling, qualification, transportation, storage, handling, maintenance, re-qualification, and disposition of medical gas cylinders and containers?

A

DOT

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10
Q

What 3 things must be on each cylinder per the DOT?

A

Permanent markings: specific to each cylinder
Labeling: label or decal on side or shoulder; may not cover the permanent marking
Tags: Full, in use, empty

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11
Q

For the PISS system, there are 7 pin positions. What is the order of the #ed pin positions on the radius of the yoke?

A

left to right: 6; 5; 4; 7; 3; 2; 1

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12
Q

How big are the pins?

A

4mm in diameter and 6mm long except for pin 7, which is slightly thicker

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13
Q

Safe handling procedures for cylinders dictate that you should never leave a cylinder upright without ___________ and should never leave an __________cylinder on the machine

A

support; empty

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14
Q

What are some other safety handling procedures for cylinders?

A

Never leave the plastic tape on the port while installing the cylinder.
Never rely on the cylinder’s color for id of its contents
Never oil valves

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15
Q

How do you clear particles of dust, metal shavings and other foreign matter from the cylinder valve before applying any fitting?

A

slowly and briefly “crack” the valve away from you and others

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16
Q

Why should the valve always be fully open when a cylinder is in use?

A

marginal opening may result in failure to deliver adequate gas

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17
Q

What is vaporization? Why does it matter?

A

conversion of liquid to gas

the inhalation agents we use today are liquid that must be converted to vapor to be inhaled

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18
Q

What is vaporization dependent on?

A

vapor pressure
temperature
amount of carrier gas used

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19
Q

How are molecules of a volatile agent distributed in a closed container?

A

btw liquid and gas phases

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20
Q

What creates vapor pressure of a gas within a closed container?

A

the gas molecules inside the container bombard the surface of the liquid and the walls

21
Q

What is vapor pressure contingent on?

A

temperature and physical characteristics of the liquid, i.e. boiling point?

22
Q

What happens to vapor pressure as temperature increases?

A

it increases because more molecules enter vapor phase

23
Q

What are the vapor pressures of the following gases at 20 degrees Celsius: Enflurane, Isoflurane, Halothane, Sevofluane, Desflurane?

A 
Enflurane: 172mmHg
Isoflurane: 240mmHg
Halothane: 244mmHg
Sevoflurane: 160mmHg
Desflurane: 669mmHg
24
Q

What does passing a carrier gas over the liquid anesthetic do?

A

shifts the equilibrium of gaseous and liquid phases toward the vapor phase;

25
Q

What is the latent heat of vaporization? Where does this heat come from?

A

of calories required to change 1 gram of liquid into vapor w/o temperature change; energy for vaporization comes from the liquid itself (or an outside source)

26
Q

If there is not an outside source of energy to supply the vaporization, what happens?

A

temperature of the liquid will drop

27
Q

What happens as temperature drops to rate of vaporization?

A

rate of vaporization will further decrease (therefore we need a system to keep temp of liquid constant)

28
Q

What is specific heat?

A 
# of calories required to increase the temp of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree C
substance can be liquid, solid or gas
29
Q

What does the specific heat of an anesthetic agent indicate?

A

how much heat must be added in order to maintain a constant rate of vaporization

30
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

a measure of speed with which heat flows through a substance

31
Q

The ____________ the thermal conductivity, the better the substance conducts heat.

A

higher

32
Q

How does an increase or decrease in altitude affect barometric pressure?

A

increase altitude: decrease barometric pressure

decrease altitude: increase

33
Q

When does boiling point occur?

A

when vapor pressure= barometric pressure

34
Q

How are temperature and vaporization related?

A

direct: as temp goes up or down so does vaporization

35
Q

What are 3 characteristics of modern vaporizers?

A

agent specific
temperature compensated
variable bypass

36
Q

How does a variable bypass vaporizer work?

A

portion of the gas flow will pass into the vaporizing chamber where it will become saturated w/ vapor
The vapor-laden portion then rejoins the gas flow for dilution to deliverable concentrations

37
Q

What must you do if you decide to bring your anesthetic vaporizer the next time you go the mountains?

A

re-calibrate it in order to assure accurate % delivered anesthetic gas

38
Q

The % delivered is relative to the agent’s _________in comparison to the _________

A

vapor pressure; barometric pressure

39
Q

What is a TEC 6 vaporizer used for?

How does it work?

A

only for Desflurane
electrically heated; constant temp/pressure
electromechanically coupled dual circuit, gas-vapor blender

40
Q

What is the effect of altitude on vaporizers?

A

you are delivering a higher concentration of volatile agent at higher altitude/lower barometric pressure but maintaining same partial pressure
x’=x(p/p’)

41
Q

What kind of vaporizer is an out of circuit, non-agent specific, measure flow, bubble through machine? Is it used a lot in the US?

A

copper kettle; no

42
Q

How do you determine the vapor output in a copper kettle?

A

Vapor output = CGXVP/BPVP
CG= flow rate of carrier gas in L/mi
VP= vapor pressure of anesthetic
BP= barometric pressure

43
Q

How do you determine anesthetic concentration in a copper kettle?

A

Vapor ouput (ml/min)/total gas flow (ml/min)

44
Q

What is an example of an electronically controlled vaporizer?

A

aladin cassette

45
Q

What are potential vaporizer hazards?

A 
wrong agent in vaporizer
contamination
tipping
overfilling
simultaneous admin of more than 1 vapor
leaks
pumping effect
46
Q

In the variable bypass vaporizer, describe what occurs when the temperature decreases

A

the bimetallic strip allows less of the gas into the bypass chamber and more into the vaporizing chamber

47
Q

In the variable bypass vaporizer, describe what occurs when the temperature increases?

A

the bimetallic strip allows more of the gas into the bypass chamber and less into the vaporizing chamber

48
Q

The Tec 6 vaporizer is heated to _____________

A

2 atmospheres

49
Q

What must be available for the TEC 6 vaporizer?

A

electricity; it has to be plugged in

610 Anesthesia Concepts (6 decks)

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