Mechanisms of Development Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Mechanisms of Development Deck (20)
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1
Q

Cell specialization occurs as a result of

A

determination and differentiation

2
Q

Determination

A

the commitment to a specific cell lineage, which may be accomplished by uneven segregation of cellular material during mitosis or by morphogens

3
Q

morphogens

A

promote development down a specific cell line

4
Q

To respond to a specific morphogen, a cell must have ______

A

competency

5
Q

Differentiation

A

refers to the changes a cell undergoes due to selective transcription to take on characteristics appropriate to its cell line

6
Q

stem cells

A

cells that are capable of developing into various cell types. they are classified by potency.

7
Q

totipotent cells

A

able to differentiate into all cell types, including the 3 germ laters and placental structures

8
Q

pluriopotent cells

A

able to differentiate into all 3 of the germ layers and their derivatives

9
Q

multipotent cells

A

able to differentiate only into a specific subset of cell types

10
Q

Inducer

A

releases factors to promote the differentiation of a competent responder

11
Q

autocrine

A

signals act on the same cell that released the signal

12
Q

paracrine

A

signals act on cells in the local area

13
Q

juxtacrine

A

signals act through direct stimulation of the adjacent cells

14
Q

endocrine

A

signals act on distant tissues after traveling through the blood stream

15
Q

growth factors

A

peptides that promote differentiation and mitosis in certain tissues

16
Q

reciprocal induction

A

when two tissues both induce further differentiation in each other

17
Q

signaling often occur via

A

gradients

18
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death via the formation of apoptotic blebs that can subsequently be absorbed and digested by other cells.

19
Q

regenerative capacity

A

the ability of an organism to regrow certain parts of the body.

20
Q

senescence

A

the result of multiple molecular an metabolic processes ; most notably, the shortening of telomeres during cell division