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Science > Materials > Flashcards

Materials Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

Matter is anything that occupies space and mass

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2
Q

What do all three states of matter do?

A

They all occupy space and have mass.

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3
Q

test to prove that gas occupies space and has mass.

A

An inflated balloon has a greater mass than a deflated balloon.
Blowing air into a gas jar full of water making the water level in the jar fall to make room for the gas.

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4
Q

Examples of each state of mass

A

Wood is a solid, water is a liquid, air Is a gas

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5
Q

What are the 3 states of matter?

A

the three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas

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6
Q

What does the word property mean?

A

The word property means how a substance appears or behaves.

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7
Q

What are some common properties of solids?

A

They have a definite shape.
They have a definite volume.
Solids do not flow. Hard to compress.

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8
Q

What are some properties of liquids?

A

Liquids have no definite shape.
Liquids have a definite volume.
Liquids flow easily. Hard to compress.

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9
Q

What are some properties of gases?

A

Gases have no definite shape.
Gases have no definite volume.
Gases can be compressed easily e.g compressed air for divers in cylinders.
Diffuse to fill all available space.

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10
Q

What theory do scientists use to explain the properties of all states of matter?

A

The theory is called the particle theory

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11
Q

What does the particle theory say about solids?

A

Solid particles are packed together in fixed positions giving the solid a fixed shape. They have strong forces holding the particles together. The particles do not move but can vibrate.

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12
Q

What does the particle theory say about liquids?

A

Liquid particles have more freedom of movement than in a solid. The particles in a liquid can slide over each other. This is why liquids can flow.
As there is no regular arrangement of particles, the liquid has no shape of its own.

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13
Q

What does the particle theory say about gases?

A

In gases, the particles are farther apart than in a liquid or solid. The particles can move quickly into all the space available. There are very weak forces between the particles and lots of space making it easier to squeeze them into a smaller volume/compress them.

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14
Q

What is the definition of diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the spreading out of materials due to the movement of their particles.

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15
Q

What does diffusion take place quickly with and why?

A

Diffusion takes place quickly with gases because the particles of the gas are moving fast and there are only weak forces between the particles.

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16
Q

What does diffusion take much longer with than gases? and why? Give an example of this.

A

Diffusion is much slower in liquids because the particles are moving slowly.
Place a drop of coloured liquid into a beaker of water and watch the colour slowly spread throughout the beaker of water.

17
Q

What is diffusion in solids like?

A

Since solid particles are not free to move about, any diffusion that occurs is much too slow to be easily seen.

18
Q

_____ and _____ have the ability to _____, they are commonly referred to as ____.

A

Liquids and gases have the ability to flow, they are commonly referred to as fluids.

19
Q

What happens when a solid changes state to a liquid by melting?

A

When a solid is heated, the heat energy causes the particle to vibrate.
As heating continues, the particles vibrate faster and faster.
Eventually, the particles break free and begin to slide over each other.
The solid has now melted to form a liquid.

20
Q

What is the definition of the melting point?

A

The melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.

21
Q

What is sublimation?

A

A small number of solids change directly from a solid to a gas when heated.

22
Q

What are the small number of solids that change directly from a solid to a gas when heated called?

A

Sublimation

23
Q

Definition of evaporation

A

Evaporation is the changing of a liquid to a gas at the surface of the liquid.

24
Q

What happens when a liquid boils?

A

When a liquid is heated, the particles get more energy and move faster and faster.
Eventually, the particles break away from the liquid state and form a gas.
When a certain temp is reached, particles of gas form throughout the liquid and not just at the surface. The liquid is now boiling.
When a liquid is boiling the particles are escaping from all parts of the liquid very quickly.
Bubbles of gas are seen forming inside the liquid. The boiling point of the liquid has now been reached.

25
Q

What is the boiling point?

A

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas throughout the liquid.

26
Q

True or false. Different liquids have different boiling points.

A

true. Different liquids have different boiling points.

27
Q

What is the boiling point of water?

A

The boiling point of water is 100 degrees celsius

28
Q

What is the boiling point of ethanol?

A

The boiling point of ethanol is 78 degrees celsius.

29
Q

Definition of condensation?

A

Condensation is the changing of a gas to a liquid

30
Q

What do we call a change of state?

A

When a solid melts to form a liquid or a liquid evaporates to form a gas.

31
Q

Explain the process of condensation and give an example of this in everyday life.

A

When a gas is cooled, the particles slow down and a liquid is formed.
Condensation is often seen in a kitchen when steam (gas) meets the much colder glass in a window.

32
Q

List the various changes of state.

A
  1. Solid < freezing < 2. liquid < condensing < 3. gas
  2. Solid > melting > 2. liquid > boiling > 3. gas
  3. Particles vibrate about fixed positions.
  4. Particles slide over each other
  5. Gas particles move around at high speed

Science (36 decks)

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