Marine Sanctuaries and Protected areas Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Marine Sanctuaries and Protected areas Deck (37)
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1
Q

What is a marine reserve?

A

A protected area that is a “no-take” zone. Fishing, aquaculture, dredging are prohibited.
Swimming, boating, and scuba diving are permitted.

2
Q

What is an MPA?

A

Marine Protected Area; often synonymous with marine sanctuary.

3
Q

The National Marine Sanctuary System consists of how many areas?

A

13

4
Q

When was the National Marine Sanctuary System founded? What was it in response to?

A

1969; Santa Barbara oil spill.

5
Q

Where is the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary? What activities are allowed?

A

Off the Pacific coast of California, there’s lobster diving

6
Q

What is significant about the Channel Islands?

A

Diverse species, cultural significance to the Chumash people, 150 shipwrecks

7
Q

Where is the Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary? What activities are not allowed?

A

Seamount northwest of San Francisco, founded 1989. There are strong currents the deter diving.

8
Q

What is significant about Cordell Bank? (Why is it a sanctuary?)

A

California Current drives upwelling in the region. Migratory birds breed and humpback and blue whales feeing ground

9
Q

What is significant about the National Marine Sanctuary of the American Samoa (Fagatele Bay)? (Why is it a sanctuary?)

A

Fringing coral reef ecosystem with the widest variety of life of the entire System.

10
Q

Where is the National Marine Sanctuary of the American Samoa (also known as Fagatele Bay) and when was it founded? When did the name change?

A

Only 1/4 of a square mile on the coast of Tutulia, American Samoa. 1986. Very recently.

11
Q

What is significant about the Florida Keys and when was it founded?

A

Contains the only barrier reef in N. America and the largest seagrass in the world. 1990.

12
Q

Where is the Flower Garden Banks National Sanctuary located? When was it founded?

A

Northwestern Gulf of Mexico, near Port Arthur, Texas. 1992, modified in 1996 (Stetson Bay added)

13
Q

Where is Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary and when was it founded?

A

Off the coast of Georgia. 1981.

14
Q

What is significant about Gray’s Reef?

A

It has a “live bottom” (full of life).

15
Q

Where is the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary and when was it founded?

A

Off the coast of California (between Monterey Bay and Cordell Banks). 1981.

16
Q

When was the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whales National Marine Sanctuary founded?

A

1992.

17
Q

Where is the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary? When was it founded?

A

Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. (Only 1 nautical mile wide). 1975, first in the System.

18
Q

What is significant about Monitor?

A

Site of the USS Monitor shipwreck

19
Q

Where is the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) and when was it founded?

A

Off of the coast of California. Largest sanctuary of the System (15,783 square km). Established in 1992.

20
Q

What is significant about Monterey Bay?

A

Monterey Submarine Canyon, which is deeper than the Grand Canyon

21
Q

Who administers the National Marine Sanctuary System?

A

NOAA.

22
Q

Where is the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary and when was it founded?

A

Olympic Peninsula of Washington State. 1994.

23
Q

What is significant about the Olympic Coast?

A

Upwelling and Native American Cultural significance

24
Q

Where is the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and when was it founded?

A

Mouth of Massachusetts Bay, between Cape Cod and Cape Ann.

25
Q

What is significant about Stellwagen Bank?

A

underwater plateau at about 30-40 m produces upwelling

26
Q

Where is the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and when was it founded?

A

Lake Huron.

27
Q

What is significant about Thunder Bay?

A

116 shipwrecks (shipwreck ally)

28
Q

Where is the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument and when was it founded?

A

Also a World Heritage site, located on the smaller, trailing Hawaiian islands. 2006 (named by George Bush).

29
Q

Who manages Papahānaumokuākea?

A

Department of Commerce, the Department of the Interior, and the State of Hawaii.

30
Q

What is the significance of Papahānaumokuākea?

A

Has both national and cultural resources.

31
Q

What activities are prohibited in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary?

A

“No-take” zone. Drilling, dredging, or injuring coral are not allowed. Recreational fishing, diving, and swimming are permitted.

32
Q

What activities are prohibited in the Flower Garden Banks?

A

“No-take” zone. Disturbing loggerheads and rays, anchoring, discharging, fishing except with conventional hook-and-line gear.

33
Q

What is significant about the Greater Farallones?

A

Protects sea birds, gray whales, seals, great white sharks.

34
Q

What is significant about the Hawaiian Islands sanctuary?

A

Protects the North Pacific humpback whales that migrate to Hawaii in winter.

35
Q

What is unique about the Hawaiian Islands sanctuary regulations?

A

There are no “no-take”, “no-wake” zones. Even permits dumping of ship waste.

36
Q

What activities are allowed in Thunder Bay?

A

Diving, fishing, boating, research and education.

37
Q

What activities are prohibited in Thunder Bay?

A

Altering the bottom, recovering shipwrecks, etc.