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Flashcards in MAN: 16 Deck (55)
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1
Q

Herzberg’s two-factor theory

A

Satisfaction is not the opposite of dissatisfaction.

2
Q

In a familiar children’s book, a little locomotive was asked to pull a heavy train up a steep mountain. The “little engine,” as he was called, kept telling himself “I think I can. I think I can.” The little engine was ________.

A

high in self-efficacy

3
Q

In the context of the reinforcement theory, reinforcers are ________.

A

those consequences that immediately follow a behavior and increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated

4
Q

“We can’t pay much but our clients could not manage without people like you in their lives.” This statement indicates that the position has ________.

A

high task significance

5
Q

Bonnie’s boss has offered her baseball game tickets if she meets her sales goals this month. Bonnie looked at him in disbelief and did not put forth the effort to meet the goals. According to expectancy theory, from this we can conclude that ________.

A

the reward had low valence for Bonnie

6
Q

Goal-setting theory says that:

A

difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher performance than do easy goals

7
Q

“In jobs today, employees rely more and more on those around them for information, advice, and assistance.” Which of the following approaches to job design best reflects this statement?

A

the relational perspective of work design

8
Q

John knows his more experienced workers don’t need him to “babysit” them; he trusts them to know what to do, how to do it, and to get it done on time. In this respect, John is a ________ manager.

A

Theory Y

9
Q

Bob is a social butterfly. He often leaves his workstation to chat with coworkers. He volunteers for every problem-solving team and enjoys planning the annual summer employee picnic. Bob has ________.

A

a high need for affiliation

10
Q

job enlargement and job enrichment

A

Expanding the scope of knowledge used in a job leads to more job satisfaction, enhanced customer service, and fewer errors.

11
Q

The hierarchy of needs theory of motivation was proposed by ________, a psychologist who proposed that within every person is a hierarchy of five needs.

A

Abraham Maslow

12
Q

In Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, ________ needs form the lowest or foundational step in the hierarchy.

A

physiological

13
Q

According to Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, when an employer provides his employees health insurance, he is taking care of their ________ needs.

A

safety

14
Q

In the context of Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, when a company has a space where employees can meet during breaks and catch up with each other, the company is taking care of the employees ________ needs.

A

social

15
Q

In the context of Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, when a company names an Employee of the Month and Employee of the Quarter, the company is addressing employees ________ needs.

A

esteem

16
Q

According to Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, a person’s needs for self-respect, autonomy, achievement, status, recognition, and attention constitute his ________ needs.

A

esteem

17
Q

According to Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, a persons needs for growth, achieving ones potential, and self-fulfillment, and the drive to become what one is capable of becoming constitute his or her ________ needs.

A

self-actualization

18
Q

Which of the following needs is the highest in Maslows hierarchy of needs theory?

A

self-actualization needs

19
Q

Which of the following needs is a lower-order need in Maslows hierarchy of needs theory?

A

safety

20
Q

Theory X and Theory Y—two assumptions about human nature—were proposed by ________.

A

Douglas McGregor

21
Q

Theory X assumes that employees ________.

A

need to be closely controlled to work effectively.

-managers see workers as… having little ambition, dislike work, and avoiding responsibility. (micromanagement)

22
Q

Theory Y assumes that employees ________.

A

enjoy work

-managers see workers as… self-directed, enjoying work, accepting responsibility (autonomy)

23
Q

two-factor theory proposes that ________.

A

extrinsic factors are associated with job dissatisfaction

-has influence how we currently design jobs

24
Q

two-factor theory, which of the following is a hygiene factor?

A

working conditions

25
Q

two-factor theory, which of the following is a motivator?

A

responsibility

26
Q

People with a high need for achievement ________.

A

prefer moderately challenging goals

27
Q

You are acting as manager and mentor to Melanie, an employee who has been identified as a high achiever. Going by McClelland’s three-needs theory, which of the following measures would best help you motivate Marsha to do her best?

A

giving her a job that holds her personally responsible for finding solutions to problems

28
Q

Goal-setting theory says that ________.

A

difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher performance than do easy goals

29
Q

The goal-setting theory states that ________.

A

employee participation in goal-setting is not always necessary for ensuring performance

30
Q

Goal-setting theory assumes that an individual is committed to the goal. Commitment is most likely when ________.

A

the individual has an internal locus of control

31
Q

The goal-setting theory has the most value when ________.

A

the goals are made public

32
Q

________ theory says that behavior is a function of its consequences.

A

Reinforcement

33
Q

60) In the context of the reinforcement theory, reinforcers are ________.

A

those consequences that immediately follow a behavior and increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated

34
Q

Which of the following actions accurately reflects the reinforcement theory of motivation

A

A companys policy of giving its sales staff cash coupons for exceeding their daily targets

35
Q

The way tasks are combined to form complete jobs is referred to as ________.

A

job design

36
Q

________ refers to the number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which those tasks are repeated.

A

Job scope

37
Q

Which of the following is a framework for analyzing and designing jobs that identifies five primary core job dimensions, their interrelationships, and their impact on outcomes.

A

job characteristics model

38
Q

In the job characteristics model, ________ refers to the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work.

A

task identity

39
Q

In the job characteristics model, task significance refers to the degree to which a job ________.

A

has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people

40
Q

In the job characteristics model, the dimension of ________ refers to the degree to which a job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.

A

autonomy

41
Q

In the job characteristics model, the dimension of ________ refers to the degree to which doing work activities required by a job results in an individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance.

A

feedback

42
Q

According to the JCM, which three job characteristics are crucial to an employee experiencing meaningfulness of his or her work?

A

skill variety, task identity, and task significance

43
Q

According to the JCM, which job characteristic leads to an employee experiencing responsibility for outcomes of his or her work?

A

autonomy

44
Q

According to the JCM, which job characteristic results in the employee knowing about the actual results of his or her work activities?

A

feedback

45
Q

The equity theory proposes that ________.

A

an employee compares his or her jobs input–outcomes ratio with that of relevant others and then corrects any inequity

46
Q

________ justice is the perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals.

A

Distributive

47
Q

In the expectancy theory, ________ is the probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance.

A

expectancy

48
Q

In the expectancy theory, ________ is the degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level is instrumental in attaining the desired outcome.

A

performance–reward linkage

49
Q

In the expectancy theory, ________ is the importance that the individual places on the potential outcome or reward that can be achieved on the job.

A

valence

50
Q

Studies tell us that men place more importance on having ________ in their jobs, while women seek ________.

A

autonomy; convenience and flexibility

51
Q

mcClellands theory of needs

A

need of achievement
need of affliation
need for power

-individuals have different levels of needs in each of these areas and those levels will drive their behavior

52
Q

need of achievement

A

drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed

53
Q

need of affiliation

A

desire for friendly and close personal relationships

-group work, clients

54
Q

need of power

A

need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise.
-management, police officer

55
Q

skill variety

A

bagger, one skill