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Flashcards in Malignancies Deck (10)
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1
Q

What are the categories of haematological malignancies?

A
> Acute Leukemias - ALL/AML
> Chronic Leukaemias - CML/CLL
> Malignant Lymphomas - HL/NHL
> Multiple Myeloma
> Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
> Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
2
Q

What’s the difference between leukaemia & lymphoma?

A

They’re descriptive terms: Leukaemia refers to bone marrow/blood disease
Lymphoma refers to disease mostly in the lymphoid tissue

3
Q

What are the majot Acute Leukaemias?

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

4
Q

What’s happening in an acute vs a chronic leukaemia?

A

Acute - Non-differentiating leukaemic cells with bone marrow failure

Chronic - Cells are still differentiating so you get proliferation without marrow failure

5
Q

Why is acute leukaemia so must faster than chronic?

A

Acute is rapidly fatal due to the buildup of undifferentiated blast cells and associated marrow failure

Where as marrow continues to function in chronic leukaemias

6
Q

Bone marrow failure is the main presentation of leukaemia, how does that appear?

A

Anaemia

Thrombocytopenic bleeding i.e. purpura/petechiae & mucosal bleeding

Neutropenia related bacterial/fungal infections

7
Q

Where in a lymph node are various lymphoid cells found?

A

B cells found in follicles. Undergoing selection/expansion in germinal centres & naïve cells in the mantle zone

T cells in paracortex

Plasma cells in medulla

8
Q

Lymphadenopathy is very common in Lymphoma, what about it would suggest a lymphoma instead of say an infection?

A

Localised & Painless (if it’s painful more likely to be a bacterial inf)

Generalised and painless (If it’s painful its more likely a viral infection)

9
Q

How could a lymphoma present systemically?

A
Fever
Drenching Sweats
Loss of weight
Pruritis
Fatigue
10
Q

Anatol stop playing games on your phone

A

Save it for the holidays