Male Sex Hormones

Question 1

Which androgens do the testes produce?

Answer 1

testosterone and DHT

Question 2

Which androgens do the adrenals produce?

Answer 2

androstenedione and DHEA

Question 3

Potent androgens derive from the ____ and weak androgens derive from the _____

Answer 3

testes and adrenals

Question 4

____ converts testosterone to 5alpha DHT

Answer 4

5alpha reductase

Question 5

65% of circulating testosterone is bound to ____

Answer 5

SHBG (and 33% to albumin)

Question 6

Testosterone conversion to estradiol occurs in ___ and __ by aromatase

Answer 6

adipose and liver

Question 7

For complete activity the androgen receptor-ligand complex must bind a coactivator called _____

Answer 7

ARA70

Question 8

T/F both AR-testosterone and AR-DHT bind ARA70

Answer 8

T

Question 9

T/F tissue specific coactivators/repressors may modulate agonist/antagonist effect of ligand receptor complexes

Answer 9

T –> i.e. ARA70 not bound in the presence of anti-androgen 4HFT

Question 10

Functions of testosterone

Answer 10

sex drive, performance, muscle, penis growth, vocal cord, spermatogenesis

Question 11

Functions of DHT

Answer 11

hair, acne, hair recesion, prostate enlargmenet, skeletal growth, lean body mass, EPO, reduced HDL

Question 12

Indications for androgen replacement therapy

Answer 12

hypogonadism, aging males

Question 13

Tx of anemia

Answer 13

can use androgens to promote EPO but synthetic EPO has reduced this use

Question 14

Tx of catabolic disorders associated with long term illness, post surgical state

Answer 14

use of androgens can increase protein anabolism

Question 15

____ androgens are used for anabolic effect.

Answer 15

Complete

Question 16

Esterification of the ____ position is characteristic of medical androgens and ____ is characteristic of androgens with pronounced anabolic properties used by athletes.

Answer 16

17beta vs 17alpha

Question 17

____ inhibits 5alpha reductase

Answer 17

Finasteride –> reduces production of DHT

Question 18

Indications of finasteride

Answer 18

reduce male pattern baldness (but not as good as a prostaglandin D2 antagonist), reduce acne (experimental), reduce prostate size

Question 19

Two isoforms of 5alpha reductase

Answer 19

2 has high expression in prostate, hair follicles –> potent inhibition by finasteride

Question 20

___ is an androgen receptor antagonist and stops ARA70 from binding

Answer 20

flutamide –> prostate cancer