Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive > Male Gonad Physiology > Flashcards

Male Gonad Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

___ stimulates leydig cells in testes to make testosterone.

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HPG (T) axis

A

hypothalmic gnrh –> anterior pituitary lh, fsh –> testosterone and inhibin in testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

___ stimulates sertoli cells in testes to promote sperm development

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

___ forms inhibin in testes which is a mode of negative feedback

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

____ feedsback at the pituitary from the testes

A

inhibin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

____ feedsback at the pituitary and hypothalamus from the testes

A

testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

____ syndrome results from low production of gnrh in parvi-cellular hypothalamic neurons due to failure of cell precursors to migrate to the hypothalamus

A

kallman’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GnRH is secreted into the ____ portal.

A

hypothalamo-hypophyseal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F GnRH levels in serum are too low for detection

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Target of GnRH

A

gonadotrope cells in anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Circadian output of GnRH is regulated by _____ which results in highest levels of GnRH when?

A

melatonin –> peak in morning (highest level of LH and testosterone as well)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F stress and other similar changes may inhibit gonadtropin release

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Higher frequency pulsatile gnrh release favors ___ secretion

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Excessively frequent pulsation/pathologic or continuous GnRH initially increases LH and FSH in a ____ effect but leads to GnRH receptor downregulation with resulting low LH/FSH. This can be mimicked by treatment with a GnRH agonist like ____

A

flare effect –> downregulation –> leuprolide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The process by which GnRH binding sites increase during troughs of GnRH pulses is called______

A

self priming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

GnRH analog like leuprolide results in high/low LH

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F LH and FSH are stored in separate granules

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

LH is metabolized by the ___

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LH/FSH has a longer serum half life.

A

FSH = 2 hours vs 20 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

___ residues on FSH inhibit its metabolism

A

sialic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

negative feedback on FSH is mediated by ____

A

inhibin b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

negative feedback on lh is mediated by ____

A

testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

in early fetal development _____ controls development of testes and wolffian ducts

A

placental hcg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

in late fetal development ____ controls testes development as fetal HPG axis matures

A

pituitary lh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In infancy, the hypothalamus is very sensitive to ___ negative feedback.

A

steroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

At what point in time do nocturnal FSH/LH pulses begin?

A

puberty

27
Q

Testosterone synthesis

A

LH –> receptor –> STAR protein transports cholesterol from mitochondria into lumen of cell –> side chain cleavage to form pregnenolone –> either to progesterone or to androstenedione to testosterone

28
Q

______ is the rate limiting step of steroid synthesis

A

transport of cholesterol out of mitochondria into cell lumen by steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR)

29
Q

_______ creates a hydroxyl group at the 17 carbon and cleaves the sidechain in steroid production

A

17 hydroxylase

30
Q

The final step of steroid production involves ____ which removes a keto group to form testosterone.

A

17beta dehydrogenase

31
Q

___ converts pregnenolone to progesterone

A

3beta dehydrogenase

32
Q

T/F most testosterone is free in circulation.

A

F –> mostly bound to albumin or SHBG but 2% free for receptors

33
Q

_____ binds androgen receptor with greater affinity than testosterone

A

DHT

34
Q

What is the location of the androgen receptor?

A

nucleus

35
Q

androgens dislodge ____ from the androgen receptor during binding

A

hsp90

36
Q

___ is needed to stimulate sertoli cell function but ___ is the main regulator of spermatogenesis

A

fsh and testosterone

37
Q

testosterone enters sertoli cells bound to ____

A

androgen binding protein

38
Q

4 ways sertoli cells support spermatogenesis

A

create specialized microenvironment, expose germ cells to high levels of testosterone, coordinate maturation via gap junctions, and transport of differentiating germ cells toward lumen

39
Q

____ occurs when anti-sperm antibodies form as a response to breach of the btb

A

autoimmune orchitis –> destruction of contralateral testis

40
Q

Type Ad sperm stem cells do what?

A

undergo mitosis to maintain supply, line basal layer –> dark

41
Q

Type Ap sperm stem cells do what?

A

undergo mitosis to produce clonal population, linked by cytoplasmic bridges –> mature simultaneously

42
Q

What kind of sperm stem cells enter spermatogenesis and then spermiogenesis

A

Ap –> b

43
Q

___ undergo meiosis 1

A

primary spermatocytes

44
Q

____ undergo meiosis 2

A

secondary spermatocytes –> form spermatids

45
Q

____ undergo spermiogenesis

A

spermatids

46
Q

4 stages of spermiogenesis

A

golgi, cap, acrosome, maturation phases

47
Q

____ phase is when a spermatid developes polarity

A

golgi phase

48
Q

___ phase is when the spermatid nucleus condenses and forms a cap

A

cap phase

49
Q

___ phase is when the acrosome matures and a tail develops

A

acrosome phase

50
Q

____ phase is when excess spermatid is extruded into a residual body

A

maturation phase

51
Q

Identification of primary hypogonadism

A

infertility precedes testosterone deficiency//fsh is elevated

52
Q

Identification of secondary hypogonadism

A

same time infertility and testosterone deficiency // low fsh and lh

53
Q

1st trimester hypogonadism leads to ___ and ___

A

ambiguous genitalia and hypospadias

54
Q

2nd/3rd trimester hypogonadism leads to ___ and ___

A

micropenis and cryptorchidsm

55
Q

Eunuchoid body proportions result from hypogonadism in what stage of life?

A

childhood (also pubertal delay/absence, and gynecomastia)

56
Q

What are the associated hormone levels? normal men or obstruction

A

normal

57
Q

What are the associated hormone levels? isolated spermatogenic failure

A

high fsh

58
Q

What are the associated hormone levels? hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (aka testicular failure)

A

high fsh, high lh, low testosterone

59
Q

What are the associated hormone levels? hypogonadtropic hypogonadism

A

low/normal fsh and lh, low testosterone

60
Q

Most common cause of congenital primary hypogonadism

A

Klinefelter 47 xxy

61
Q

increased risk of testicular cancer

A

klinefelter

62
Q

Bell clapper deformity

A

malformation of processus vaginalis (acrquired hypogonadism)

63
Q

testicular torsion and mumps orchitis can result in ____

A

acquired primary hypogonadism

64
Q

When does gonadtropin therapy for secondary hypogonadism have best efficacy?

A

if onset of secondary hypogonadism occurred after puberty

Reproductive (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions