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Biology 102 > makeup test > Flashcards

makeup test Flashcards

1
Q

parazoans have no definite symmetry

A

true

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2
Q

a true coelom is formed from endodermal cells

A

false

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3
Q

where does a true coelom formed from?

A

the mesoderm

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4
Q

modern humans originated from western africa

A

false

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5
Q

protostomes develop mouth first from or near the blastopore

A

true

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6
Q

coelomate have a body cavity between the mesoderm and endoderm

A

false

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7
Q

athropod

A

protostome

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8
Q

mollusks

A

protostome

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9
Q

chordates

A

deuterostome

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10
Q

platyomenthis

A

protostome

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11
Q

echinoderm

A

deuterostome

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12
Q

which is the most successful animal group

A

arthropod

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13
Q

which set lists the animal adaptions in oder from earliest to most recent?

A

no symmetry,
radial symmetry,
bilateral symmetry,
back bones

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14
Q

most animals are

A

invertebrates

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15
Q

which is an example of a cnidarian

A

jellyfish

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16
Q

a clam is what

A

mollusk

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17
Q

chordate group includes which animals ?

A

vertebrates

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18
Q

all animals are descended from

A

ancestral protist

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19
Q

which group contains a species that is not a hominoid

A

human, chimpanzee, homo melanin, home erectus

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20
Q

the fossil remains of artipithicus radius showed

A

the ability to walk upright preceded the evolution of a larger brain

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21
Q

who is mitochondrial eve?

A

african maternal ancestry of all humanity to date

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22
Q

hominoids include

A

living and extinct great apes, humans, orangutans, chimps, and gorillas

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23
Q

animals are the _____ of the earth

A

consumers

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24
Q

what are the 5 key transitions in animal evolution

A
  1. tissues
  2. symmetry
  3. body cavity
  4. development
  5. segmentation
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25
Q

_______are the simplest animals that lack defined tissues and organs and symmetry

A

Parazoa (sponges)

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26
Q

___________ (all other animals) have distinct and well-defined tissues and symmetry

A

eumetazoa

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27
Q

what are the 2 main types of symmetry

A

radial and bilateral

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28
Q

body parts arranged around a central axis ; can be bisected into 2 separate halves

A

radial symmetry

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29
Q

body has right and left halves that are mirror images

A

bilateral symmetry

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30
Q

bilaterally symmetrical animals have a what 2 advantages over radially symmetrical animals

A

cephalization

greater mobility

31
Q

what is cephalization

A

evolution of a definite brain area

32
Q

what are the 3 germ layers produced by a eumetazoa?

A

ectoderm ( body coverings and nervous system and muscles )
mesoderm ( skeleton)
endoderm (inner digestive organs and intestines)

33
Q

space surrounded by mesoderm tissue that is formed during development

A

body cavity

34
Q

3 basic kinds of body plans

A

acoelomates
pseudocoelmoates
coelomates

35
Q

the ______ made possible the development of advanced organs systems

A

body cavity

36
Q

blood passes from vessels into sinuses, mixes with body fluids and reenters the vessels

A

open circulatory system

37
Q

blood moves continuously through vessels that are separated from body fluids

A

closed circulatory system

38
Q

blastopore

A

opening to outside

39
Q

archenteron

A

primitive body cavity

40
Q

________develop the mouth first from or near the blastopore

A

protostomes

41
Q

develop the anus first from the blastopore

A

deuterstomes

42
Q

deuterostomes evolved from protostomes more than __________

A

500 MYA

43
Q

uses unique sequences within certain genes to identify clusters of related groups

A

molecular systematics

44
Q

molecular analysis may also explain the

A

cambrian explosion

45
Q

the enormous expansion of animal diversity

A

cambrian explosion

46
Q

provided a tool that can produce rapid changes in body plan

A

the homeobox

47
Q

sponge reproduction

A

asexual

fragmentation

48
Q

phylum cnidaria

A 
most marine
diploblastic 
tissues 
no organs 
no nervous system
49
Q

common ancestor of apes and hominids is thought to have been a

A

arboreal climber

50
Q

Gibbon, orangutan, gorilla, and chimpanzee
Larger brains than monkeys and lack tails
Paraphyletic group – some more closely related to hominids

A

apes

51
Q

Humans
Soon after the gorilla lineage diverged, the common ancestor of all hominids split off from the chimpanzee line to begin the evolutionary journey leading to humans

A

hominids

52
Q

what two features that allowed primates to succeed in an arboreal environment

A
  1. grasping fingers and toes

2. binocular vision

53
Q

a platypus is a
they lay shelled eggs
lack well developed nips
single opening for feces, urine, and sex

A

monotreme

54
Q

mammals reached their max diversity in the _______period

A

tertiary period

55
Q

2 fundamentally mammalian traits

A

hair

mammary glands

56
Q

there are about _____species of mammals

A

4,500

57
Q

how many orders of birds are there

A

28 orders

58
Q

_____are the most diverse of all terrestrial vertebrates

A

birds

59
Q

success for birds lies in what structure

A

feathers

60
Q

all living reptiles exhibit 3 features

A
  1. amniotic eggs which are watertight
  2. dry skin
  3. thoracic breathing
61
Q

3 modern amphibian groups

A

order anura
order caudata
order apoda

62
Q

2 major groups of bony fishes

A

ray finned fishes

lobe finned fishes

63
Q

________are the most species-rich group of all vertebrates

A

bony fishes

64
Q

class chondrichthyes

A

sharks
skates
rays

65
Q

the first fishes had mouths with

A

no jaws

66
Q

_____evolved from the anterior gill arches that were made of cartilage

A

jaws

67
Q

most diverse vertebrate group

over half of all vertebrates

A

fishes

68
Q

vertebrates are chordates with a spinal column

A

true

69
Q

phylum chordata can be divided into 3 subphyla

A

urochordata
cephalochordata
vertebrata

70
Q

4 features of chordates

A
  1. nerve chord
  2. notochord
  3. pharyngeal slits
  4. postanal tail
71
Q

chordates are

A

deuterostome coelomates

72
Q

phylum echinodermata include

A

seastars brittle stars sea urchins sand dollars and sea cucumbers

73
Q

arthropod success due to

A 
segmentation 
exoskeleton 
open circulatory system 
nervous system 
compound eyes 
respiratory system
74
Q

arthropods 4 classes

A

chelicerata
crustacea
hexpoda
myriapoda

Biology 102 (3 decks)

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