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Major Reviews > Major #1 Review > Flashcards

Major #1 Review Flashcards

0
Q

Definition of Ethics

A

Ethics - A set of values in society that differentiates right from wrong

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1
Q

Definition of assault on a PT is

A

To create in another person a fear of immediate bodily harm or invasion of bodily security

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2
Q

Advanced directive is ….

A

A written document or legal statement that expresses the wants, needs, and desires of a patient in reference to the futer medical care.

Living will
DNR
Organ donation

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2
Q

Definition of Ethics

A

The ….

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3
Q

What is not required to prove negligence

A

Breach of duty

Duty to act

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4
Q

Liable definition

A

Making a false statement in written forum that injures a persons good name

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5
Q

Defamation deffenition

A

Intentionally making a false statement, through written or verbal communication, witch injures a persons good name or reputation.

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6
Q

If a Pt makes a choice and the medic does not agree with it.

What should the medic do?

A

Try to convince the PT

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7
Q

The most inferior portion of the heart is called the ________

A

Apex

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8
Q

Witch of the following statements regarding type O blood is correct

A

It contains no surface antigens

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9
Q

The upper section of the sternum is called the ________

A

Manubrium

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10
Q

The body’s ability to spontaneously cease bleeding is called

A

Hemostasis

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11
Q

The ongoing process by witch red blood cells are made is called

A

Erythropoiesis

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12
Q

When oxygen levels are low or absent the cells revert to a process of

A

Anaerobic metabolism

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13
Q

Which types of valves are the Aortic and Pulmonary valves?

A

Semi Lunar

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14
Q

The thick fibrous mucus that surrounds the heart is called the

A

Pericardium

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15
Q

Approximately two thirds of the heart muscle lyse within the thoracic cavity called the

A

Mediastinum

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16
Q

The substances that contain all the cellular content between the cell-membrane and the nucleus is called the ________

A

Cytoplasm

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17
Q

Witch of the following structures comprise different types of tissues that work together to preformed a particular function

A

Organs

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18
Q

What type of tissue covers and lines internal organs

A

Epithelium

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19
Q

The most important nerve of the cervical plexus witch innervates the diaphragm is the

A

Phrenic Nerve

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20
Q

During your assessment of the PT you notice he is bradycardic, hypertensive, and salivating. These clinical findings suggest.

A

Parasympathetic Nerves System Stimulation

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21
Q

Decrease in the PAC c02 results ________ pH levels in the respiratory center and ________in ventilation.

A

Increase pH levels

Decrease ventilations

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22
Q

During your assessment of a trauma PT you note the presence of by lateral femur fractures. This means that ________

A

Both femurs are broken.

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23
Q

In a pregnant PT the secretion of oxytocin courses_______

A

Uterine smooth muscle contractions

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24
Q

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves arise from the ________

A

Autonomic NS

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25
Q

Movement of an extremity towards the midline of the body if called _______

A

Addiction

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26
Q

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer to the midline is _________

A

Medial

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27
Q

Substances that release ions when dissolve in water are called __________

A

Electrolytes

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28
Q

The most common solvent in the body in witch solute and other substances will dissolve is _________

A

Water

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29
Q

Compared to the frontal region of the skull the oxipitus is ___________

A

Posterior

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30
Q

Insulin and glucose are produced in specialized groups of cells in the pancreas known as the _______

A

Islets of Langerhide

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31
Q

A PT is found to have high blood sugar levels.

What is the cause of this?

A

Deficient insulin levels in the body

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32
Q

All of the following are formed components of blood except…

A

Plasma

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33
Q

The mid rain pawns and medulla oblongata collectively forum the ________

A

Brain stem

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34
Q

Witch parasystolic response occurs when a person looses blood

A

Vessel contraction and myocardial contractility increases

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35
Q

T/F The sweat gland is an endocrine gland

A

False

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36
Q

The average total body waters contained in a adult is

A

60%

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37
Q

Topographically the term distal means _________

A

Away from the trunk of the body

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38
Q

T/F Smooth muscles are NOT voluntary

A

True

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39
Q

Pt’s with __________ are at significant risk for toxic affects of medications or metabolic waist products in the body.

A

Renal Failure

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40
Q

In witch of the following situations would the paramedic most likely administer a drug via the rectal rout?

A

Seizure termination

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41
Q

The paramedic may be called upon to administer platelets to PT’s with a ___________

A

Thrombocytopenia

A reduction in the number of platelets

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42
Q

Decreased efficacy or potency of a medication when taken repeatedly by a PT is called

A

Tolerance

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43
Q

In order to course a negative inotropic effect on the heart you have to administer a _______

A

Beta 1 adrenergic antagonist

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44
Q

Under normal conditions the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system functions by

A

Promoting vasoconstriction and fluid retention in response to hypotension and hypovolemia

45
Q

A unit of packed red blood cells contains approximately _____ to______ml of concentrated red blood cells

A

225ml to 250ml

46
Q

The rectal rout is preferred over the oral route for certain emergencies because ______

A

The rectal medication are usually not subject to first pass metabolism

47
Q

Cross tolerance to medication occurs when______

A

A process in witch repeated exposure to a medication within a particular class causes a tolerance that may be “transferred” to other medication in the same class.

48
Q

In up to 1/3 of all PT’s morphine sulfate causes

A

N/V

49
Q

Alkalinizing agents are used to _______ the pH

A

increase

50
Q

From which of the following condition may a PT be prescribed furosemide

A

Kidney dysfunction

51
Q

The physical emotional or behavioral need of a medication in order to maintain a certain level of normal function is called _______

A

Dependence

52
Q

The % of a unchanged medication that reaches the systemic circulation is referred to as

A

Bio availability

53
Q

Which of the following medications is a derivative from a plant source?

A

Digoxin

54
Q

T/F Atropine is a endogenous catocholamine?

A

False

55
Q

In general alpha adrenergic

A

Lowers BP

56
Q

The desired clinical effect after administering a Beta 2 agonist medication is

A

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles

57
Q

A medication that has a narrow therapeutic index ____

A

Can be given but not without close PT monitoring.

58
Q

Cathacolamines and Sympathomimetic medications should be given with caution because they can

A

Increase cardiac work load and myocardial oxygen demand

59
Q

Ace inhibitor medication lower blood pressure by

A

Blocking the conversion of angeotensin 1 to angeotensin 2

60
Q

A drug that poses the same desired clinical effect in several small doses as it does in a signal large dose has demonstrated

A

A cumulative action

61
Q

When the paramedic administers a medication via the IV route

A

He or she has the ability to titrate the medication carefully in a rapidly evolving clinical situation

62
Q

If unmatched blood is administer in the prehospital setting, it will almost always be

A

O-

63
Q

A PT receives several doses of the same drug within a short period of time, after which point the medication does not relive his symptoms, which of the following has most likely occurred.

A

Tachyphylaxis

64
Q

Fentenal is the preferred OPA of analgesic for PT’s in critical or unstable conditions because

A

It is not as prone to causing hypotension.

65
Q

Toxic effects of beta blockers include all of the following except

A

Tachycardia

66
Q

Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that

A

Breaks down acetylcholine

67
Q

A medication that initiated or alters a cellular activity by attaching to receptor cites and prompting a cell response is said to be an

A

Agonist

68
Q

Which of the following medications causes an immune mediation response

A

Penicillin

69
Q

Physiologic effects of nitro when given to PT’s with chest pain

A

Decreased preload in coronary vasodilation

70
Q

Calcium chloride or calcium glucagon may mitigate hypotension or bradycardia following a overdose of

A

Diltiazem

71
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anticoagulation medication

A

Prevents new clot formation

72
Q

Narcotic analgesic relive pain by

A

Stimulation opioid receptors

73
Q

The therapeutic index of a medication is defined as

A

The difference between the medium effective dose and medium toxic dose.

74
Q

Medication first passes metabolism in the

A

Liver

75
Q

When administering narcan to a PT who overdosed on a opioid, it is important for the paramedic to remember

A

The duration of the medication is less then that of the opioid

76
Q

Witch of the following structures contained epithelial cells that create a continues barrier to medical extortion

A

Urinary tract

77
Q

Stimulation of alpha 1 receptors results in

A

Vaso constriction

78
Q

According to the term drop hypothesis

A

Mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years presiding death

79
Q

Vascular compensation for changes in blood pressure decreases with age to

A

Reduced elasticity of peripheral vessels secondary to decreases in elastin and collagen

80
Q

Foreign material such as bacteria and other micro organisms are engulfed and distorted by

A

Phagocytes

81
Q

PT’s between 41 and 60 years of age are least susceptible to

A

Acute immunosuppression

82
Q

The decline in cardiac function associated with aging is largely related to

A

Atherosclerosis

83
Q

Renin is a protein that is released into the blood stream by the

A

Kidneys in response to changes in blood pressure

84
Q

Which of the following statements regarding growth spears in adolescence is correct

A

Boys generally experience this stage of growth later in life then girls

85
Q

Witch of the following factors typically does not affect the vital signs of a 65 yo PT

A

Living conditions

86
Q

Upper respiratory tract infections are more common in toddlers then in infants because

A

Of a loss in passive immunity

87
Q

A pulse rate for a 16 yo adolescent topically reneges between

A

60 and 100 beats/min

88
Q

In late adults the size of the airway ________ and the surface area of the avioli ________

A

Increases

Decreases

89
Q

Distributive shock occurs when

A

Blood pools in expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusion is decreased.

90
Q

Non striated muscle is also called

A

Smooth muscle

91
Q

How does the body respond to hypoperfusion

A

Catocholamine release and increase systemic vascular resistance

92
Q

Infants are referred to as belly breathers because

A

They rely on there diaphragm to breath

93
Q

Apoptosis is referred to as

A

Normal cell death

94
Q

Baroreceptors witch are located in the coronary arteries, aorta, and kidneys are most susceptible to changes in

A

Blood pressure

95
Q

Witch of the following statements regarding middle aged adults is correct

A

Middle aged adults view a crisis as a challenge to be overcome rather then a threat to be avoided

96
Q

PT’s who overdose on heroin and has shallow respirations would most likely be experiencing

A

Increased CO2 retention

97
Q

Plasma comprises approximately ____% of whole blood

A

55%

98
Q

What type of shock occurs when blood flows become blocked in the heart or in the great vessels

A

Obstructive

99
Q

Gout is a condition in witch

A

Uric acid accumulates in blood

100
Q

In general normal psychosocial factors that affects the life of a 35 yo person include all EXEPT

A

Anxiety

101
Q

Groups of cells forum

A

Tissue

102
Q

PT’s with type 1 diabetes need

A

Insulin to survive

103
Q

Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is

A

Striated involuntary

104
Q

Unlike bacteria, viruses

A

Do not produce exotoxins or endotoxins

105
Q

At birth the pulse rate of up to ____ and a respiratory rate of ____ is considered normal

A

180

60

106
Q

All of the following are endocrine hormones except

A

Histamine

107
Q

Homeostasis is most accurately defined as

A

A constant effort to preserve a degree of stability or equilibrium

108
Q

When oxygen does not reach the cell, the cell reverts to

A

Anaerobic metabolism, and produces lactic acid

109
Q

Which of the following statements regarding renal function in older adults is correct

A

Aging kidneys respond less effectively it hemodynamics stress

110
Q

Acidosis is characterized by a increase in hypotension and hydrogen ions and a

A

Decrease in pH

111
Q

In most infants the primary way of communicating distress is

A

Crying

112
Q

The most prevalent cations of the extra cellular fluid is

A

35 Q5

Sodium

Major Reviews (2 decks)

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