Macrovascular disease in diabetes Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Macrovascular disease in diabetes Deck (16)
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1
Q

What are the four forms of macrovascular disease in diabetes?

A

Early widespread atherosclerosis
Ischaemic heart disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Peripheral vascular disease

2
Q

What is an atheroma?

A

Intracellular lipid accumulation

Core of extracellular lipid

3
Q

What is a fibroatheroma?

A

Single or multiple lipid cores

Fibrotic calcific layers

4
Q

Which cells are involved in the formation of an initial lesion?

A

Macrophages (growth with lipid)

5
Q

What is the mechanism for forming a fatty streak?

A

Intracellular lipid

6
Q

What forms an atheroma?

A

There is a core of extra-cellular lipid concerned with the smooth muscle

7
Q

What is the mechanism of a fibroatheroma?

A

Fibrotic/calcific layers associated with collagen

8
Q

What are the markers of macrovascular disease in diabetes?

A

Fasting glucose > 6.0mmol/L
Waist circumference: Men >102
Women >88

Insulin resistance, inflammation CRP, adipocytokines, urine microalbumin.

HDL < 1.0 and <1.3 in women

Hypertension BP >135/80

9
Q

What is the range for fasting glucose within patients with diabetes?

A

> 6.00mmol/L

10
Q

What is the waist circumference range for men at risk of cardiovascular diabetes?

A

men >102

11
Q

What are the HDL markers in both men and women?

A

HDL <1.0 (Men)

<1.3 (Women)

12
Q

What is the marker for hypertension in patients with diabetes?

A

BP >135/80

13
Q

What are the three forms of microvascular complications?

A

1) Retinopathy
2) Nephropathy
3) Neuropathy

14
Q

What is the relationship between HbA1c and microvascular disease?

A

The higher the HbA1c the greater the microvascular and myocardial infarction risk.

15
Q

What is the main cause of death in patients with diabetes?

A

Ischaemic heart disease

16
Q

What contributes to hypertension and renal failure in patients with diabetes?

A

Renal artery stenosis