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Flashcards in Lysosomes (95Q) Deck (14)
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1
Q

What are Lysosomes?

A
  • Specialized vesicles that digest material either inside or material that’s brought in from the outside of the cell
  • They can be used to recycle “old” organelles
2
Q

How do Lysosomes break down Macromolecules?

A

-Via hydrolysis reactions

3
Q

What do Lysosomes contain & what is it used for?

A

-Hydrolytic enzymes (protein catalysts) that are used to accelerate the degradation of macromolecules via hydrolysis reactions

4
Q

What are Hydrolysis Reactions carried out by?

A

-Hydrolytic enzymes

5
Q

What are the characteristics of Hydrolytic Enzymes?

A
  • They’re GREAT at Breaking things down but they’re a DANGER for the rest of the cell & other macromolecules
  • Must be segregated from the rest of the cell (cytoplasm)
  • Function best in acidic pH= maintained inside the lysosome by pumping protons across the membrane
6
Q

What are Hydrolytic Enzymes a good example of?

A

-Proteins that are destined for an organelle, made on RER & pass through vesicles & golgi

7
Q

What are Primary Lysosomes?

A

-Vesicles that leave via trans face of golgi & then fuse w/ vesicles derived from endocytosis

8
Q

How are Primary Lysosomes made?

A

-Formed by combining 2 directions= Food coming from the outside in & meets w/ Hydrolytic enzymes going out

9
Q

In Primary Lysosomes, what happens during the outbound direction & inbound direction?

A
  • In Inbound direction, vesicles from endocytosis (endocytic vesicles) engulf ingested material which accumulates in Endosomes
  • In Outbound direction, primary lysosomes budd off trans Golgi & fuse w/ inbound endosomes!
10
Q

How is a Secondary Lysosome formed & what occurs on it?

A
  • When outbound primary lysosomes fuse with inbound endosomes
  • It is where enzymes meet what they’re supposed to be digesting which how the Hydrolytic (degradation) reactions occur
11
Q

What happens after ingested material is broken down in the Secondary Lysosome?

A

-The degraded contents like monomers, single amino acids, & single fatty acids can be reused by the cell (some cells take in & ingest their food this way)

12
Q

How do Lysosomes recycle “old” organelles?

A
  • Primary lysosomes fuses w/ a special double membraned vesicle built around the old organelle which is called Autophagasome
  • After fusion, the contents are degraded= allows for products to be recycled & reused by the cell
13
Q

What is Autophagasome?

A

-Form of recyling when the cell eats its old organelle

14
Q

How does the Recyling of “old” organelles increase?

A
  • With exercise
  • Benefits of exercise & experimentally extending the life span of lab animals (restricting their calorie diet)= enhances recyling & keeps our cells young