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Flashcards in lung immunology Deck (16)
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1
Q

define allergy?

A

exaggerated immunological response to a foreign substance (allergen) which is either inhaled, swallowed, injected, or comes in contact with skin/eye.

2
Q

what is hypersensitivity?

A

exaggerated response.

3
Q

what is intolerance?

A

inability to consume or absorb/metabolise nutrients.

4
Q

what is atopy?

A

the genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases

5
Q

** what are the types of hypersensitivity?

A

** insert pic

6
Q

****what immune response for virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa?

what immune response for helminths, ectoparasites?

A

T helper type 1 cells

T helper type 2 cells
these produce a lot of cytokines to stimulate 3 more populations of cells to produce more cytokines

7
Q

what can the MPPtype 2 cell differentiate into?

A

mast cell, basophil or macrophage under influence by cytokines.

8
Q

what is atopy?

A

Defined as the hereditary predisposition to produce IgE antibodies against common environmental allergens.

9
Q

what are atopic diseases?

A
  • allergic rhinitis
  • asthma
  • atopic eczema
10
Q

what is allergic match?

A

describes the common progression from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma (link has recently been found between the two).

11
Q

what is the airway disease that affects the upper airways?

caused by?

A

hay fever
17% of population
caused by grass pollens, tree pollens, weed pollens, fungal pollens

12
Q

what are common causes of hay fever?

A
  • House dust mite.
  • Cats and dogs.
  • Alternaria (a form of fungus).
  • Cockroaches.
  • Horses
13
Q

what happens when the middle and lower airways are affected?

A
  • asthma
  • affects 8-10%
  • very heterogenous disease (lots of phenotypes)
  • symptoms include cough, dyspnoea, wheezing, chest tightness and secretions
14
Q

how are allergic airway diseases treated?

A
  • principles of treatment include allergen avoidance, anti allergic medication, immunotherapy
15
Q

how can allergen infection immunotherapy be taken?

A
  • either subcutaneously or sublingually
16
Q

what are advantages and disadvantages of immunotherapy?

A

Advantages – effective, produces long lasting immunity.

Disadvantages – occasional anaphylaxis, time consuming, standardisation problems