Lower Extremity 2 Flashcards

1
Q

first toe complaints

A

hallux valgus/rigidus
gout
sesamoiditis

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2
Q

metatarsal complaints

A

Morton’s neuroma
metatarsalgia
stress fractures

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3
Q

ankle complaints

A

inversion sprain

eversion sprain

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4
Q

achilles tendon/heel complaints

A

tendonitis

bursitis

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5
Q

complaints of the foot and ankle are often due to?

A

lack of proper support and inappropriate footwear

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6
Q

what is the most common ankle sprain?

A

plantar flexion/inversion

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7
Q

metatarsalgia

A

pain on bottom of foot
chronic stretching of transverse ligament
result from excessive weight, repetitive activity, pes planus or cavus
dropped metatarsal heads

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8
Q

direct traumas for metatarsalgia

A

jumping and landing on toes with running or jogging

standing for long time in high heeled shoes

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9
Q

how can metatarsalgia be obvious without xray?

A

callous or corn formation &/or toe deformity

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10
Q

morton’s neuroma

A

perineural firosis around the plantar digital nerve of the foot
pain on bottom of foot
insidious onset
occaionally a mass will be palpated

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11
Q

when might someone with morton’s neuroma have less pain?

A

when barefoot

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12
Q

what kind of neuropathy is morton’s neuroma

A

entrapment neuropathy with progressive degeneration and deposition of amorphous deposits on the nerve fibers

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13
Q

what kind of compression increases pain with a mortons neuroma?

A

transverse compression

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14
Q

entrapment mostly occurs on what surface of the foot with a morton’s neuroma?

A

plantar surface

pain often in the web space between 3rd and 4th metatarsals

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15
Q

stress fractures

A

constant pain of the forefoot, especially with weight bearing
history of prolonged walking or running

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16
Q

describe why stress fractures happen

A

bone resorption process exceeds ostoblast activity when constant stresses are applied without sufficiency unstressed periods of time to heal or when stresses consistenly exceed the structural integrity of the one

17
Q

describe the pain with a stress fracture

A

tender to the touch and pain with transverse compression
usupicion is based upon hisotry and location of pain
radiography, bone scan and MRI examination as needed

18
Q

what ligaments are typically invlved with an inversion ankle sprain?

A

anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular

19
Q

what ligaments are typically involved with an eversion ankle sprain?

A

deltoid ligament (medial ligament complex)

20
Q

ottawa ankle rules

A

pain in the malleolar region and either:
tenderness at either malleolus
inability to bear weight immediately after the injury or in the emergyncy

21
Q

stability testing of ankle sprains

A

anterior drawer test

varus and valgus stress

22
Q

what syndrome is common in ballet dancers

A

os trigonum syndrome

posteiror ankle impingement syndrome

23
Q

salter harris type 1

A

fracture of the growth plate

24
Q

salter harris type 2

A

injury of growth plate and metaphysis

25
Q

salter harris type 3

A

fracture of growth plate and epiphysis

26
Q

salter harris type 4

A

fracture of epiphysis and metaphysis

27
Q

salter harris type 5

A

compression fracture of growth plate

28
Q

maissoneuve fracture

A

fracture of medial malleolus and mid shaft of fibula

29
Q

Boehler’s angle shouldn’t be less than?

A

28 degrees

30
Q

Segond’s fracture

A

fracture of the tibial spines