Flashcards in Loftus and Palmer (1974) Deck (16)
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1
What was the aim of Loftus and Palmer's study?
To see the effect of changing a verb in a leading question and if this verb changes the participants memory.
2
What research method and design was experiment 1?
This is was laboratory experiment , and the experimental design was independent measures.
3
Outline the participants used in experiment 1.
45 students from the University of Washington.
4
How many film clips did each participant have to watch and how long were they in experiment 1?
Participants watched 7 film clips each 5-30 seconds long.
5
What did the participants have to do after each clip in experiment 1?
After each clip participants completed a questionnaire which contained a critical question.
6
What was the critical question in experiment 1 and what were the conditions.
The critical question was: "About how fast were the cars going when they ***** each other?". There were 5 verb conditions: 'contacted' , 'hit' , 'bumped' , 'collided' and 'smashed'.
7
What was the largest and smallest estimates for the speed of cars and which verb conditions were these for?
The largest was 40.8mph with the verb 'Smashed' , and the smallest was 31.8mph with the verb 'Contacted'.
8
What do the results of experiment 1 conclude about memory?
That it can be influenced by a leading question and that the more violent the verb, the higher the estimate for speed was.
9
What was the aim of experiment 2?
To see if the 'smashed' condition is more likely than 2 other groups ('hit' and control) to say they saw broken glass when there wasn't any.
10
What was the research method and design of experiment 2?
Experiment 2 was also a lab experiment and the design was independent measures.
11
Outline the participants used in experiment 2.
150 student participants divided into 3 groups of 50.
12
What were the conditions of experiment 2 and what questions were asked in the first questionnaire?
There were 3 conditions: Smashed, Hit and control. In the first questionnaire they were asked 'About how fast were the cars going when they ***** into each other' (the control group were not asked a question).
13
When was the second questionnaire completed and what did it consist of?
The second questionnaire was completed 1 week after the participants watched the film clips, and they were asked whether they saw broken glass or not.
14
What did the film clip consist of?
A multiple car crash. The clip lasted less than 1 minute (accident lasted 4 seconds).
15
What were the main results of experiment 2?
In the smashed condition, 16 people said they saw broken glass, whereas in the hit condition, 7 people said they saw broken glass (control only 6 people said they saw broken glass).
16
